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Unit 13 The USA

http://www.sina.com.cn 2004/10/18 10:33 新浪教育

　　抓主干理枝叶

　　长难句增加，是近年高考阅读理解试题不可忽视的现象之一。英语的长句可分为两类：含有数量较多的定语或状语的简单句和含有数量较多的各种从句的并列句或复合句。阅读长句的基本方法是抓主干，理枝叶。抓主干就是抓句子的主体部分，也就是主语和谓语，它们是传

　　达信息的主要载体。理枝叶就是分析句子的附加部分，不论它们有多长，有多复杂，它们都是辅助成分，我们只要明确它们与主体的关系就可以了。如：

　　The moon is so far from the earth that even if huge trees were growing on the mountains, and elephants were walking about, we could not see them through the most powerful telescopes which have ever been invented.

　　这个长句的主干就是The moon is far from the earth，其他部分，如状语从句、定语从句等，都是为突出主干服务的。

　　Passage 1

　　阅读理解…………………………………………………………………

　　As we all know, it was Thomas Jefferson who wrote the Declaration of American Independence①. He wrote it in two weeks, and after a few changes, it was accepted by the Congress(国会). As a result, he became famous.

　　Born in Virginia, Thomas Jefferson, a brilliant(才华横溢的)student at school and almost talented (有才干的)lawyer later, was much interested in politics. Jefferson was elected Governor of Virginia in 1779, and he was sent to France as the representative (代表) of the American government in 1784. Sixteen years later, at the age of 57, he was elected President after Washington and Adams.

　　Far from a handsome man, he was tall with long arms and big hands. Jefferson, who was an amusing talker in conversation but a poor speaker, was generally goodnatured.② He was a philosopher, educator, naturalist, politician, scientist, architect, inventor, pioneer in scientific farming, musician, and writer.

　　Jefferson was considered as a defender of freedom in America. As a president, he protected the right of free speech. Interestingly enough, in his eight years as a President, Jefferson never refused a bill which Congress had passed. He did a lot in organizing the new University of Virginia.

　　Jefferson and his friend Adams, both of whom had played such great parts in the winning of independence, died on July the fourth, 1826, the fiftieth anniversary (周年纪念日)of American Independence. Jefferson left instructions for his burial in the graveyard (墓地).

　　A simple stone monument (纪念碑) was to mark his resting place, on which he himself wrote:

　　Here was buried

　　Thomas Jefferson

　　Author of the Declaration of American Independence

　　Of the Statute of Virginia for Religious Freedom

　　And Father of the University of Virginia

　　注释

　　………………………………

　　①the Declaration of American Independence 《美国独立宣言》

　　②Jefferson, who was an amusing talker in conversation but a poor speaker, was generally goodnatured.

　　杰弗逊性格温和，在谈话时他能逗乐别人，但并不善于演讲。

　　根据文章内容，选择正确答案：

　　1. From the passage we can infer that America won its independence in ____ .

　　A. 1786B. 1776C. 1842D. 1800

　　2. Which of the following statements is TRUE?

　　A. Jefferson was not only very talented but also very handsome.

　　B. Jefferson was not an easygoing person to get along with.

　　C. Jefferson was an amusing talker, but not good at speaking in public.

　　D. Not being politicallyminded, Jefferson never refused a bill passed by the Congress.

　　3. What is the Jefferson's greatest contribution in American history?

　　A. He did a lot in organizing the new University of Virginia.

　　B. He was strongly against the slavery.

　　C. He was for the right of free speech.

　　D. He wrote the Declaration of American Independence.

　　Passage 2

　　阅读理解…………………………………………………………………

　　Started in 1636, Harvard University, private (私人的) institution of higher education, is the oldest of the many colleges and universities in the United States. Yale, Princeton, Columbia and Dartmouth were opened soon after Harvard. They were all started before the American Revolution made the 13 colonies (殖民地) into states.① In the early years, these schools were much alike. Only young men attended colleges. All the students studied the same subjects, and everyone learned Latin, Greek and Hebrew②. Little was known about science then, and no kind of school could teach everything that was known about the world. When the students graduated, most of them became ministers or teachers.

　　In 1782, Harvard started a medical school for young men who wanted to become doctors. Later lawyers could receive their training in Harvard's law school. In 1825, Harvard began teaching modern languages, such as French and German, as well as Latin and Greek. Soon it began teaching American history. As knowledge increased, Harvard and other colleges began to teach many new subjects. Students were allowed to choose the subjects that interested them. Special colleges for women were started. New state universities began to teach such subjects as farming, engineering and business. Today, there are many different kinds of colleges and universities. Most of them are divided into smaller schools that deal with special fields of learning. There is so much to learn that one kind of school cannot offer it all.

　　注释

　　………………………………

　　①They were all started before the American Revolution made the 13 colonies

　　into states. 在美国独立革命将13个殖民地变成州之前，这些大学就已经创办了。

　　②Hebrew 希伯来语

　　根据文章内容，选择正确答案：

　　1. The story doesn't say so, but it makes you think that ____ .

　　A. universities have changed over the years

　　B. today all the students study to become teachers or ministers

　　C. all colleges were much alike in the early years

　　D. the students learned foreign languages only

　　2. On the whole, this story is about ____ .

　　A. how colleges have changed

　　B. how to start a university

　　C. the American Revolution

　　D. the famous colleges in America

　　3. Which statement does the story lead you to believe?

　　A. There is more to learn today than in 1636.

　　B. The early schools are still much alike.

　　C. At that time, every student studied Latin, Greek and Hebrew.

　　D. They began teaching foreign languages in 1862.

　　Passage 3

　　阅读理解…………………………………………………………………

　　In the United States, it is important to be on time, or punctual(准时的), for an appointment(约会), a class, a meeting, etc. However, this may not be true in all countries. An American professor discovered this difference while teaching a class in a Brazilian(巴西的)university. The twohour class was scheduled(安排)to begin at 10 am and end at 12. On the first day, when the professor arrived on time, no one was in the classroom. Many students came after 10 am. Several arrived after 10：30 am. Two students came after 11 am. Although all the students greeted the professor as they arrived, few apologized for their lateness. Were these students being rude? He decided to study the students behavior.

　　The professor talked to American and Brazilian students about lateness in both an informal and a formal situation: at lunch with a friend and in a university ball, respectively(分别地). He gave them an example and asked them what they would do. If they had a lunch appointment with a friend, the average American student showed clearly lateness as 19 minutes after the agreed time. On the other hand, the average Brazilian student left the friend late after 33 minutes.

　　In an American university, students are expected to arrive at the appointed (约定的) hour. In contrast(相比而言), in Brazil, neither the teacher nor the students always arrive at the appointed hour.① Classes not only begin at the scheduled time in the United States, but also end at the scheduled time. In the Brazilian class, only a few students left the class at 12：00; many remained past 12：30 to discuss the class and ask more questions. Arriving late may not be very important in Brazil, neither is staying late.②

　　注释

　　………………………………

　　①In contrast, in Brazil, neither the teacher nor the students always arrive at the appointed hour. 相比较美国而言，在巴西无论是老师还是学生都不按预约的时间到达。

　　②Arriving late may not be very important in Brazil, neither is staying late. 在巴西，迟到也许不怎么重要，晚走也是如此。

　　根据文章内容，选择正确答案：

　　1. Why did the professor study the Brazilian students behavior?

　　A. He felt puzzled at the students being late.

　　B. He felt angry at the students rudeness.

　　C. He wanted to make the students come on time later.

　　D. He wanted to collect information for one of his studies.

　　2. It can be inferred from the professor's study of lateness in the informal situation that .

　　A. American students will become impatient if their friend is five minutes late

　　B. neither Brazilian nor American students like being late in social gatherings

　　C. being late in one culture may not be considered so important in another culture

　　D. Brazilian students will not come thirtythree minutes after the agreed time

　　3. From the last paragraph we know that in Brazil ____ .

　　A. it is important to arrive at the appointed time

　　B. it is rude to keep the professor staying after calls

　　C. it is normal for students to leave during lectures

　　D. it is acceptable for professors to be late for class

　　4. What is the main idea of this passage?

　　A. It is important to be on time for class in the United States.

　　B. The importance of being on time differs (与……不一样) among cultures.

　　C. People learn the importance of time from the culture they are in.

　　D. Students being late for class should explain the reason to their teacher.

　　Passage 4

　　完形填空…………………………………………………………………

　　Lawrence Henderson was walking slowly down the road of Jefferson University, 1 in thought. Several weeks

　　2 the commercial (商业的) laboratory in town had asked him to work for them at almost twice the salary he was getting as a 3.① He didnt know whether to 4 it or not, because he liked teaching, 5 he wanted to get more money for his family. That evening, his 6 Bob, paid a visit to him. Lawrence asked whether Bob was working as a 7. Bob replied that he wasnt and said he wanted to 8 Lawrence for helping him decide what he should do. Lawrence was 9. Bob explained. “I 10 six months in your class and everything 11. You made chemistry so interesting that I 12 the idea of becoming a salesman and decided to continue studying 13. Im now 14 to become a doctor. Thank you, Mr Henderson, for not letting me make a 15.” Lawrence said, “You have helped me 16 than you know.” ②After Bob left, Lawrence said to his wife, “It isn't 17 that made me want to leave 18. I dont know if I was 19 as a teacher. Bob is only one student, but that's 20 . If I helped one student, I guess I helped the others a lot and I feel much better about everything.”

　　注释

　　………………………………

　　①Several weeks before the commercial (商业的) laboratory in town had asked him to work for them at almost twice the salary he was getting as a teacher. 几个星期前，城里的商业实验室曾经邀请他去为他们工作，愿意付给他当老师的双倍报酬。

　　②Lawrence said, “You have helped me more than you know.” 劳伦斯说，“你给我的帮助远比你知道的还要多。”

　　根据文章内容，选择正确答案：

　　1. A. missingB. lostC. loseD. deeply

　　2. A. agoB. laterC. pastD. before

　　3. A. studentB. workerC. teacherD. guard

　　4. A.agreeB. receiveC. allowD. accept

　　5. A. andB. butC. orD. if

　　6. A. bossB. roommateC. neighbourD. student

　　7. A. doctorB. teacherC. salesmanD. professor

　　8. A. thankB. praiseC. helpD. ask

　　9. A. gladB. surprisedC. pleasedD. disappointed

　　10. A. costB. tookC. spentD. gave

　　11. A. happenedB. stoppedC. appearedD. changed

　　12. A. gave upB. gave inC. formedD. made

　　13. A. scienceB. historyC. geographyD. something

　　14. A. preparingB. wantedC. likeD. happy

　　15. A. choiceB. planC. mistakeD. decision

　　16. A. muchB. a lotC. greatD. more

　　17. A. moneyB. my familyC. the studentsD. the school

　　18. A. the cityB. teachingC. workD. working

　　19. A. rightB. fitC. suitableD. liked

　　20. A. enoughB. trueC. a lotD. many

　　Passage 1

　　本文简要地描述了美国第三届总统托马斯·杰斐逊的一生，以及他作为一个杰出领导人及政治家所具备的一些优秀品质。

　　1. B由文章的第五段 “...died on July the fourth,1826,the fiftieth anniversary of America Independence.” 一句可计算出。

　　2. C由文章的第四段可知，其他答案都有误。

　　3. D由文章的第一段可以判断。A、C 仅为他当总统后做的一些事，B文中没有直接提到。

　　Passage 2

　　哈佛大学是美国最古老的大学，创立于1636年。本文简要地介绍了哈佛大学在办学规模、课程设置等方面的沧桑变化。

　　1. A 纵观全文可知，经过多年的发展，大学已经改变了很多。

　　2. A从1636年创建以来，哈佛大学就一直在发生着变化。

　　3. A从文章的最后一句可以推断答案。

　　Passage 3

　　本文主要说明在集会、上课、赴约等问题上，美国人和巴西人对守时这一概念所具有的不同的观点。

　　1.A教授研究巴西学生迟到的行为是出于对他们的不解。

　　2.C在不同的文化背景中，迟到也许被认为是不重要的。

　　3.D根据最后一段可知。

　　4.B文章从对美国与巴西关于迟到观念的比较得出结论：在不同的文化中，守时的重要性也各有不同。

　　Passage 4

　　文章描述Lawrence Henderson为了多挣钱想离开教学岗位，但经过学生的启发，他深知教书育人责任之大，放弃了初衷。

　　1. Blost in thought 意为“陷于深思”。

　　2. D故事发生在过去。

　　3. C下文有交待，他是老师。

　　4. D接受工作用accept。

　　5. B但要挣更多的钱养家。

　　6. DBob是他的学生，下文有交待。

　　7. C下文Bob说到放弃当售货员的想法。

　　8. A因老师教了他很多知识，他很感激。thank sb.for doing sth.为固定用法。

　　9. B老师感到惊讶，他事先了解到Bob要当售货员。

　　10. Cspent作“度过”讲。

　　11. D他的一切初衷改变了。

　　12. A老师的课生动，Bob放弃了原来的想法，想继续学习。

　　13. A学科学。

　　14. Aprepare to do 准备干……。

　　15. C没有作出错误的选择。

　　16. D由 than可知用比较级。

　　17. A老师有感而发，不是金钱在脑子里作怪。

　　18. B离开教学岗位。

　　19. Cbe fit 称职。

　　20. A对一个老师来说，帮助了一个学生已经足以证明自己的价值。

　　1. As we all know, it was Thomas Jefferson who wrote the Declaration of American Independence. 众所周知，是托马斯·杰斐逊起草了《美国独立宣言》。(Paragraph 1,

　　Passage 1)

　　as we all know 是定语从句，常位于句首，已成了固定的用法。类似结构还有：

　　as has been said before如前所说

　　as is often the case情况常常如此

　　as may be imagined这可以想象得出

　　as has been pointed out正如已经指出的那样

　　as often happens这种情况常常发生

　　2. Were these students being rude? 是这些学生故意表现出不礼貌吗？(Paragraph 1, Passage 3)

　　连系动词be一般不用于进行时态。但有时可用“am, is, are + being + 形容词”结构表示暂时或故意如此。

　　The boy is being naughty. 这孩子有点儿淘气。

　　I don't think you are being fair. 我认为你不公平。

　　He is being modest. 他现在很谦虚。

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