新浪教育_新浪网

Unit 8 First aid

http://www.sina.com.cn 2004/10/25 09:34 新浪教育

　　理解文章含义

　　有些同学在看英语阅读文章时，只理解其表面的意思，对于作者暗含在文章中的东西没有挖掘出来，这就造成做题时出错率高。实际上，英语文章和汉语文章是相似的，作者有许多东西不直接写出，而是留给读者自己去思考，比如作者的观点、态度以及一些事实。那么我们该怎样去判断文章的含义呢？这需要同学们在文章的字里行间寻找，从作者的每句话中去判断。同时，同学们应学会将文章中已说明的事情和暗含的内容建立联系，以获取更多的信息，能够明白作者的写作意图。掌握了这一技巧，不仅有助于我们理解文章的内容、做好文章的有关测试题，更有助于我们学会欣赏文章。

　　Passage A

　　阅读理解…………………………………………………………………

　　You are at the beach swimming with some friends. Everyone is having a good time. All of a sudden①, you see some of your friends dragging (拉) a man out of water. His heart is still beating, but he is not breathing. What should you do? What must you do in order to save his life?

　　In such a case, artificial respiration (人工呼吸) is necessary. An effective way of saving a person is mouthtomouth breathing. Knowing how to do mouthtomouth quickly and properly is not only important but also necessary to save a life.First, lay the person on his back. Check inside the mouth for any foreign object②. Second, by putting one hand on the forehead and one hand under the neck, push the head back. Third, press up on the angle of the jaw (颚) just below the ears. This will move the tongue out of the throat. Fourth, pinch (挟) the nostrils (鼻孔) closed and then place your mouth over the persons mouth. Fifth, blow your air into his mouth. His chest should rise. Sixth, remove your mouth to let the person breathe out. Repeat this twelve to fourteen times per minute.

　　注释

　　………………………………

　　① all of a sudden 突然，等同于suddenly。

　　② Check inside the mouth for any foreign object. 检查口腔内有无异物。

　　根据文章内容，选择正确答案：

　　1. A good title for this passage would be ____ .

　　A. The Danger of Swimming

　　B. What Happened on the Beach

　　C. How to Learn Swimming

　　D. One way to Save a Life

　　2. An important part of artificial respiration is ____ .

　　A. acting rapidly

　　B. knowing how to swim

　　C. cleaning your own mouth

　　D. putting one hand on the forehead

　　3. In one minute you should breathe about ____ times.

　　A. twenty

　　B. sixteen

　　C. thirteen

　　D. eleven

　　Passage B

　　阅读理解…………………………………………………………………

　　First aid means the aid or the help that can be given to an injured person first, that is, before any other help arrives. Nowadays there is usually a telephone not far away and the first we should do, if a serious accident happens, send to telephone for an ambulance. Sometimes quick action by us may save someones life.

　　Shock. People often suffer from shock after receiving an injury, sometimes even when the injure is a small one①. The face turns grey, and the skin becomes damp and cold. They breathe quickly. They should be kept warm. Cover them with a blanket and give them a warm drink.

　　Broken bones. Do not move the patient. Send for an ambulance at once②. Threat for shock if necessary.

　　Bleeding. A little bleeding doesnt harm. It washes dirt from the wound. But if the bleeding continues, try to stop it by placing a clean cloth firmly over the wound until the bleeding stops or helps arrive.

　　Poison. A person who has taken poison should be taken to a hospital at once. With some poisons, sleeping pills, for example, it is a good thing to make the patient throw up by pressing your fingers down his throat.

　　Remember: When an accident happens, send someone to telephone for an ambulance at once. Keep the injured person warm and quiet. Give him plenty of air. Do not let other people crowd around him.

　　注释

　　………………………………

　　① People often suffer from shock after receiving an injury, sometimes even when the injure is a small one. 人们经常在受伤之后休克，哪怕只是轻伤。

　　② Send for an ambulance at once. 立刻派人去叫救护车。

　　根据文章内容，选择正确答案：

　　1. How many common accidents are mentioned in this passage?

　　A. Two. B. Three.

　　C. Four. D. Five.

　　2. If someone goes into shock after receiving an injure, you'll find that ____ .

　　A. the face turns grey

　　B. the skin becomes damp and cold

　　C. the patient breathes quickly

　　D. all of the above

　　3. Which of the following statements is wrong according to the passage?

　　A. First aid means to give an injured person the help at once before the doctor comes.

　　B. If an injured person goes into shock, we must try to keep them warm.

　　C. Dont move the injured person if he has broken his legs.

　　D. When a person has taken poison, we must make him sick.

　　4. The passage mainly tells us ____ .

　　A. some advice on how to deal with common accidents

　　B. some facts about some common accidents

　　C. some examples of common accidents

　　D. something we must remember

　　5. What's the best title for this passage?

　　A. Save One's Life.

　　B. Some Accidents.

　　C. Common Injures.

　　D. First Aid.

　　Passage C

　　阅读理解…………………………………………………………………

　　According to a 1994 survey (the most recent) by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in Atlanta, some 4.7 million people were bitten by dogs. About 8,000,000 required medical treatment. Many bites are to children, and most are from family pets or family dogs, not strays① (迷路家畜).

　　Many bites are treated at home or in a doctors office, and are not reported to authorities. Meanwhile, there is no ongoing national system for counting dog bites. In some locals bites are reported to the police, in others to the animalcontrol folks or the health department. Some counties dont collect data at all.

　　Whatever the exact number is, veterinary (兽医)，medical and insurance experts agree: dog bites are on the rise②. One reason may be that more people are getting larger, more powerful dogs than in the past. The CDC considers dog bites a serious public health problem for children. A Pennsylvania study found that 45 percent of children had been bitten. And not only children are at risk. Dog bites are no joke for letter carriers and delivery people.

　　Dog attacks account for a whopping onethird of all liability claims under renters or homeowners insurance policies. The Insurance Information Institute says that dogbiterelated medical treatment costs $1 billion a year. Homeownerliability claims paid about $250 million of that in 1996.

　　注释

　　………………………………

　　① Many bites are to children, and most are from family pets or family dogs, not strays. 许多咬伤都发生在孩子身上，大多数来自于家庭宠物或家庭养的狗，而不是来自迷路家畜。

　　② Whatever the exact number is,veterinary,medical and insurance experts agree: dog bites are on the rise. 不管确切的数字是多少，兽医、医疗和保险专家都一致认为：被狗咬的人数在上升。

　　根据文章内容，选择正确答案：

　　1. From the underlined sentence “Dog bites are no joke for letter carriers and delivery people.”, we can infer that ____ .

　　A. letter carriers and delivery people are most likely to be bitten

　　B. it is a joke for letter carriers and delivery people

　　C. its seldom for letter carriers and delivery people to be bitten

　　D. letter carriers and delivery people should not be afraid

　　2. What is the main idea of the third paragraph?

　　A. Children are more likely to be attacked.

　　B. The reasons for dog bites.

　　C. Dog bits are on the rise.

　　D. Views of experts.

　　3. Which of the following is NOT correct according to the passage?

　　A. Some 4.7 million people were bitten by dogs in Atlanta.

　　B. Some countries dont collect the data about dog bites at all.

　　C. Larger, more powerful dogs are on the causes to more dog bites.

　　D. The CDC thinks dog bites a serious public health problem for children.

　　4. Which of the following is the best title of the passage?

　　A. Dont Be One of Them.

　　B. Dog Bites on the Rise.

　　C. How to Protect Yourself and Your Children.

　　D. Dangerous to Keep Pets.

　　Passage D

　　完形填空…………………………………………………………………

　　Throughout history man has had to accept the fact that all living things must die①. Although people now live longer than they used to, yet all living things still show the 1 of aging, which will finally 2 in death.

　　Aging is not a 3, but as a person passes maturity (成熟), the cells of the body and organs they 4 dont work as well as they 5 in childhood and youth. The body provides less 6 against disease and is more prone (有……倾向的) to 7 .

　　A number of related causes may 8 to aging. Some cells of the body have a fairly long life, but they are not 9 when they die. As a person ages, the 10 of brain cells and muscle cells decrease. 11 body cells die and are replaced by new cells. In an aging person the 12 cells may not be as active or as capable 13 growth as those of a young person.

　　Another factor 14 may be changes within the cells 15. Some of the protein chemicals in cells are known to 16 with age and become less elastic (有弹性的). This is why the skin of old people wrinkles (起皱纹) and hangs 17. This is also the reason why old people shrink (萎缩) in 18 . There may be other more important chemical changes in the cells②. Some complex cell chemicals, such as DNA and RNA, store and 19 information that the cells need. Aging may 20 this process and change the informationcarrying molecules (分子) so that they do not pass on the information as well.

　　注释

　　………………………………

　　①Throughout history man has had to accept the fact that all living things must die. 在整个历史上，人类都不得不接受所有生物都要死亡这一事实。

　　② There may be other more important chemical changes in the cells. 在细胞内，可能还有其他更为重要的化学变化。

　　根据文章内容，选择正确答案：

　　1. A. periodsB. effectC. habitsD. instruction

　　2. A. give B. bringC. runD. result

　　3. A. diseaseB. disasterC. disabilityD. rest

　　4. A. become B. growC. carryD. form

　　5. A. did B. madeC. usedD. served

　　6. A. energyB. protection C. heatD. material

　　7. A. accidentsB. development C. achievements D. improvement

　　8. A. intendB. leadC. attempt D. devote

　　9. A. replacedB. rebornC. recovered D. made

　　10.A. actionB. amount C. number D. move

　　11.A. SomeB. AnyC. Another D. Other

　　12.A. old B. leftC. newD. remaining

　　13.A. to B. forC. ofD. in

　　14.A. agingB. youthC. lifeD. death

　　15.A. for themselves B. of themselves C. themselves D. on their own

　　16.A. changeB. slowC. produceD. lose

　　17.A. looselyB. tightlyC. lightlyD. heavily

　　18.A. weightB. heightC. shapeD. age

　　19.A. pass awayB. pass byC. pass off D. pass on

　　20.A. worsenB. pushC. quickenD. affect

　　Passage A

　　本文是说明文，主要向读者介绍如何进行人工呼吸。

　　1.D本题为标题考查题。选择的标题一定要紧扣整篇文章，本文主要向读者介绍了如何进行人工呼吸，因此答案选择D。

　　2.A本题为细节考查题。根据第二段第三句话“knowing how to do mouthtomouth quickly and properly...”可知行动迅速正确是非常重要的。

　　3.C本题为细节考查题。根据第三段最后一句“Repeat this twelve to fourteen times per minute.”可知答案为C。

　　Passage B

　　本文就常见的一些事故，介绍了一些急救措施。

　　1.C本题为细节考查题。由第二、三、四、五等段落的首句可得出答案。

　　2.D本题为细节考查题。由第二段第二句和第三句“The face turns grey, and the skin becomes damp and cold. They breathe quickly.”可知休克的表现为脸色变灰，皮肤潮湿发冷，呼吸急促。从而得出答案D。

　　3.D本题为推理判断题。由第五段第二句可知并非是让吞了任何毒药的人都呕吐，而只是说对一部分毒药来说是可以的。

　　4.A本题主旨大意题。非常明显本文就是告诉读者面对一些常见的事故，如休克、骨折、流血和中毒等，应采取怎样的急救措施。

　　5.D标题考查题。标题的选择是和文章的主旨分不开的，文章就是围绕着急救措施进行的。

　　Passage C

　　本文主要讲述了狗对人所构成的威胁，即每年被狗咬的人数在不断上升。

　　1.A本句话的意思是“狗咬对于邮递员和送货员来说不是开玩笑的。”即“邮递员和送货号常会被狗咬。”

　　2.C该段的第一句话为本段的主题句“Whatever the exact number is, medical veterinary and insurance experts agree: dog bites are on the rise.”，本段都是围绕这个中心论述的。

　　3.B由短文第二段最后一句可知：“some counties”，并非是“some countries”。

　　4.A文章讲述了对狗咬人事件的一些调查、专家观点以及原因等。A既有新意，又能反映文章的意思。

　　Passage D

　　本文讲述了人随着衰老产生的一系列影响而最终死亡，并介绍了衰老死亡的原因。

　　1.B所有生物都要受到年龄的影响，最终走向死亡。

　　2.Dresult in意思是“导致”，符合题意。

　　3.A说衰老不是疾病是最符合原文和常识的，而B项disaster“灾难”，C项disabicity“无能，残疾”；D项rest“休息”均不符合题意。

　　4.Dthey form 做定语修饰前面的 organs。

　　5.Adid此处为代动词，代替动词worked一词。

　　6.B根据词的搭配，我们知道在四个选项中，只有 protection 可以和 against连用。

　　7.A身体提供的防御疾病的能力减少了，身体也就易出问题了。

　　8.B词组 lead to 意思是“导致”，与动词 cause 意思相同。本句意思是“许多相关的原因有可能导致衰老。”

　　9.A本文是在讲述人为什么衰老、死亡，因此我们推知只有这些细胞不能被代替，人才会衰老，因此答案为A。

　　10.C用“the number of +复数名词”表示“……的数目”，作主语时谓语动词用单数。而the amount of常与不可数名词连用。

　　11.D因上文出现了some一词，所以答案选择other。some...other...表示“一些……另一些……。”

　　12.C老年人体内的新细胞可能不像年轻人的那样有活力。

　　13.C词组“be capable of”意思是“有……的能力”。

　　14.A承接上文，仍要论述aging的另一个原因。

　　15.C从句子结构看，直接用反身代词意思最好。词组“for oneself”表示“亲自”，“of oneself”意思是“自动地”。

　　16.A随着年龄的增长，细胞内的一些蛋白质类化学物质也发生变化。

　　17.A这儿的hang loosely意思是“皮肤松弛”。

　　18.B由单词shrink(萎缩)，根据常识人到老年身高会萎缩的，可知此处应选表示身高的单词height。

　　19.D词组pass on意思是“传递”，pass away表示“死去”，pass by意思是“经过”，pass off意思是“逐渐消失”。

　　20.D单词affect是动词，意思是“影响”。

　　First, lay the person on his back. (Passage A, Para 2, Sentence 4) 首先让病人躺着。

　　句中的lay为及物动词，意思是“放置”。注意：要分清lay和lie的区别：

　　lay是及物动词，意思是“放置；产卵，下蛋”，是不规则动词，其过去式和过去分词均为laid，现在分词为laying。lie是不及物动词，现在分词为lying，作“位于；躺”解时，是不规则动词，其过去式、过去分词分别为lay，laid；lie作为“撒谎”解时，是规则动词，其过去式、过去分词都是 lied。

　　He laid the envelope on the table. 他把信封放在桌子上。

　　The hen laid twenty eggs last month. 上个月，这只母鸡下了二十个鸡蛋。

　　The boy lying on the ground lied that he had laid the dictionary on the table. 躺在地板上的那个男孩谎称他把词典放在桌子上了。

【评论】

【英语学习论坛】【大中小】【打印】【关闭】