英语备考：高考短文改错动词考点分析

　　短文改错是历年高考英语试题中的一个题型，该题旨在考查考生在语篇中综合运用英语的准确性。试题设置的考点角度灵活、覆盖面广、综合性强。下表是河北省使用的

　　2000-2006年全国卷中短文改错的考点分布情况。

　　统计显示，考点所涵盖的语法项目中主要集中在名词、动词、形容词、副词、介词、冠词、连词、代词等方面，此外还有固定结构、词语辨析和行文逻辑等方面。

　　其中动词作为句子的主干，必然成为重要考点。以下是近几年全国卷短文改错中针对动词的常见考点及分析。

　　-谓语动词的时态

　　1.(NMET06III)We had guests last night who have not stayed in a B&B hotel ago.【have→had】

　　2.(NMET06II)High over the water，they discover a hole in the balloon.【discover→discovered】

　　3.(NMET05I)One of them was that they can earn money.【was→is】

　　4.(NMET05II)I will write again and send you the photos we take together.【take→took】

　　5.(NMET04I)Sometimes，we talked to each other very well in class，but after class we become…at once.【talked→talk】

　　6.(NMET03)She liked it very much and reads it to the class.【reads→read】

　　7.(NMET02)As we climbed the mountain，we fed monkeys，visiting temples and told stories.【visiting→visited】

　　8.(NMET02)The time passes quickly.【passes→passed】

　　9.(NMET01)They did not want me to do any work at family;they want me to devote all my time to my studies so that I'll get good marks in all my….【did→do】

　　10.(NMET2000)I remembered her words and calm down.【calm→calmed】

　　判断时态正误的依据主要有四个：(1)根据时间状语，例如：句1(2)根据全文的主体时态，例如：句2、3、4、5(3)根据上下文的逻辑关系，例如：句8(4)根据并列关系，有连词“and，but”等或标点符号“；”作为提示，例如：句6、7、9、10。

　　-主谓一致

　　1.(NMET05I)Earning their own money allow them to spend on anything as if they please.【allow→allows；主语为动名词Earning their own money，谓语用单数】

　　2.(NMET04III)But not all information are good to society.【are→is；主语为不可数名词information，谓语用单数】

　　3.(NMET04II)If I listen to my own records，there are no need to spend money.【are→is;主语为单数名词need，谓语用单数】

　　4.(NMET2000)Now my picture and the prize is hanging in the library.【is→are；主语是my picture and the prize，谓语用复数】

　　-谓语结构(缺少谓语)

　　1.(NMET05II)I now think English fun to learn.【fun前加is；English是宾语从句的主语，后面应是谓语，且为一般现在时单数，故需加is】

　　2.(NMET05I)For the most part，students working to earn money for their own use.【working→work；该句为简单句，主语students之后应该是谓语】

　　-情态动词

　　1.(NMET05I)Some students may also to save up for their college or future use.【去掉to；情态动词后加动词原形】

　　2.(NMET03)Ifollowed her advice and should put down 100 words or so each day.【去掉should；依上下文语意而定】

　　-非谓语动词

　　1.(NMET06II)The air keeps the balloon up was escaping quickly and the balloon was coming up.【keeps→keeping;后面有谓语was escaping，故改为动词ing形式作后置定语】

　　2.(NMET06II)The crowd waiting… to greet them in England was very surprised see this when the balloon landed in front of them.【see前加to；缺少不定式符号to】

　　3.(NMET04III)It's like going to a huge library without have to walk around to find your books.【have→having;介词without的宾语应是动词ing形式】

　　4.(NMET04II)I have some records giving to me as birthday gifts.【giving→given；用表被动的过去分词作后置定语】

　　5.(NMET03)Soon I began to enjoy talk to myself on paper as I was learning to express… in simple English.【talk→talking；动词enjoy的宾语应是动词ing形式】

　　6.(NMET01)My parents love me dearly of course and will do all they can make sure that I get a good education.【make前加to；不定式作目的状语，缺少不定式符合to】

　　判断正误时，分析句法结构，划分句子成分很重要。可以先找出谓语，再确定非谓语及其形式。例如上述句子划线部分中：句1和4应该是后置定语，由现在分词和过去分词充当；句3和5应该是宾语，由动名词充当；句2和6是状语，由不定式充当。

　　-固定结构

　　1.(NMET04I)Can you tell me about what I should do？【去掉about】

　　2.(NMET03)The main problem was in that I always thought in Chinese and tried to translate anything into English.【去掉第一个in】

　　此外，其他省市的高考短文改错试题中，也有命题涉及动词错用，对句意的逻辑关系会造成根本变化。解题时可以考虑其近义词或反义词，例如：accept-receive，go-come，take-bring，buy-sell等等。

　　通过对以上动词考点的分析，我们可以体会到试题对词法、句法以及行文逻辑等的全面考查。因此，要想突破短文改错关，就要系统复习、牢固掌握语法知识，同时还要特别注意，解题时要从语篇着手，把握全篇主旨，弄清上下文的逻辑关系，然后逐句分析，依行查错。(作者：

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