2018年6月英语四级第一套卷真题及答案(10)

　　Section C

　　Direction： There are 2 passages in this section。 Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statement。 For each of them there are four choice and our marked A），B），C） and D）。You should decide on the best choice and nark the corresponding letter on Answer sheet2 with a single line through the centre。

　　Passage One

　　Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage。

　　Losing your ability to think and remember is pretty scary。 We know the risk of dementia （痴呆） increases with age。 But if you have memory slips， you probably needn’t worry。 There are pretty clear differences between signs of dementia and age-related memory loss。

　　After age 50， it’s quite common to have trouble remembering the names of people， places and thing quickly， says Dr。 Kirk Daffner of Brigham and Woman’s Hospital in Boston。

　　The brain ages just like the rest of the body。 Certain parts shrink， especially areas in the brain that are important to learning， memory and planning。 Changes in brain cells can affect communication between different regions of the brain。 And blood flow can be reduced as blood vessels narrow。

　　Forgetting the name of an actor in a favorite movie， for example， is nothing to worry about。 But if you forget the plot of the movie or don’t remember even seeing it， that’s far more concerning， Daffner says。

　　When you forget entire experiences， he says， that’s “a red flag that something more serious may be involved。” Forgetting how to operate a familiar object like a microwave oven， or forgetting how to drive to the house of a friend you’ve visited many times before can also be signs of something going wrong。

　　But even then， Daffner says， people shouldn’t panic.There are many things that can cause confusion and memory loss， including health problems like temporary stoppage of breathing， high blood pressure， or depression， as well as medications like antidepressants。 Even over-the-counter remedies like antihistamines can contribute to memory loss。

　　And the best defense against memory loss is to try to prevent it by building up your brain’s cognitive （认知的） reserve， Daffner says。

　　“Read books， go to movies， take on new hobbies or activities that force one to think in novel ways，” he says。 In other words， keep your brain busy and working。 And also get physically active， because exercise is a known brain booster。

　　46。 Why does the author say that one needn’t be concerned about memory slips？

　　A） Not all of them are symptoms of dementia。

　　B） They occur only among certain groups of people。

　　C） Not all of them are related to one’s age。

　　D） They are quite common among fifty-year-olds。

　　47。 What happens as we become aged according to the passage？

　　A） Our interaction skills deteriorate。

　　B） Some parts of our brain stop functioning。

　　C） Communication within our brain weakens。

　　D） Our whole brain starts shrinking。

　　48。 Which memory-related symptom should people take seriously？

　　A） Totally forgetting how to do one’s daily routines。

　　B） Inability to recall details of one’s life experiences。

　　C） Failure to remember the names of movies or actors。

　　D） Occasionally confusing the addresses of one’s friends。

　　49。 What should people do when signs of serious memory loss show up？

　　A） Check the brain’s cognitive reserve。 C） Turn to a professional for assistance。

　　C） Stop medications affecting memory。 D） Exercise to improve their well-being。

　　50。 What is Dr Daffner’s advice for combating memory loss？

　　A） Having regular physical and mental checkups。

　　B） Taking medicine that helps boost one’s brain。

　　C） Engaging in known memory repair activities。

　　D） Staying active both physically and mentally。

　　46.A Not all of them are symptoms of dementia。

　　解析：找到关键词 memory slips。对应到文章第一段But if you have memory slips， you probably needn’t worry。 There are pretty clear differences between signs of dementia and age-related memory loss。结合题干和原文可知，记忆的小错误并非全是痴呆的症状，而可能是由于年龄大。symptoms和signs为同义替换。顾答案选择A。

　　47。 C Communication within our brain weakens。

　　解析：根据顺序原则对应文章定位句是Changes in brain cells can affect communication between different regions of the brain。 答案与定位句同义，顾答案C。

　　48。 A Totally forgetting how to do one’s daily routines。

　　解析：题干关键词，memory-related symptom以及take seriously。定位到But if you forget the plot of the movie or don’t remember even seeing it， that’s far more concerning， Daffner says。关键点在far more concerning故答案选择A。

　　49。 A Check the brain’s cognitive reserve。

　　解析：题干关键词为signs of memory loss。定位到倒数第二段第一句话Defense against memory loss is to try to prevent it by building up your brain’s cognitive （认知的） reserve， Daffner says。故答案为A。

　　50。 D Staying active both physically and mentally。

　　解析：题干关键词Dr Daffner’s advice ，memory loss。定位到文章最后一句。Dr Daffner’s adviceIn other words， keep your brain busy and working。 And also get physically active， because exercise is a known brain booster。