语法结构：被动语态

　1.2 被动语态

　　基本形式：

　　状态 时间一般进行完成

　　现在

　　be donebe being done have been done

　　过去

　　was/were donewas/were being done had been done

　　将来

　　will be donewill be being done will have been done

　　考试重点：谓语动词的被动，情态动词的被动语态；感官动词和使役动词的被动语态；用主动表示被动的含义。

　　一、谓语动词的被动：基本形式见上面表格，多结合时态来考察。

　　例(1)：The goods _____ when we arrived at the airport.

　　A. were just unloading B. were just been unloading C. had just unloaded D. were just being unloaded

　　(【答案】D)(2006年4月22题)

　　例(2) He ____ when the bus came to a sudden stop.

　　A. was almost hurtB. was almost to hurt himself

　　C. was almost hurt himselfD. was almost hurting himself

　　(【答案】A)(2005年4月33题)

　　二 、 情态动词的被动语态构成：情态动词+be+过去分词。

　　例(1)I can't find the recorder in the room. It ______ by somebody.

　　A. must have taken B. may have taken

　　C. may have been taken D. should have been taken

　　(【答案】C)(2003年11月22题)

　　此题考察的知识点比较综合。首先是被动语态，录音机被人拿走了。另外还考察了情态动词加完成式表示对过去事件的推测。

　　三、感官动词及使役动词(如：see，feel，hear，watch，make，bid)在主动语态中用无to不定式做宾补，改为被动语态时不定式前要加to。

　　例(1)Because of many mistakes, she was made ______ these letters again.

　　A. type B. to typing C. typed D. to type

　　(【答案】D)(2006年11月22题)

　　本句的意思是：因为错误太多，她又把字重新打了一遍。

　　例(2)Henry is often seen _____ English aloud every morning in the classroom.

　　A. read B. reads C. reading D. to read

　　(【答案】D)(2004年11月31题)

　　四、用主动表示被动的含义。

　　1.need/require +doing sth(=to be done)(此句型主语大多为物)。

　　例(1)It is hot and dry; the flowers need ______.

　　A. being watered B. be watered C. to water D. to be watered

　　(【答案】D)(2006年11月23题)

　　本句的意思是：天气又热又干燥，花需要浇水。

　　例(2)：My room is a mess. It needs _____.

　　A. to be tidying upB. tidying upC. to tidy up　D. tidied up

　　(【答案】B)(2000年47题)

　　本句的意思是：我的房间很乱，需要收拾。

　　2.sell, wash, read, write, run 等动词带状语修饰时。

　　例：This kind of clothes sells well. 这种衣服卖得很好。

　　The pen writes smoothly. 这只笔书写顺利。

　　3.主语 +sound(feel, look, smell, taste)+ 形容词。

　　例：The dish_____ terrible! I don’t like it at all.

　　A. tastes B. tasted C will taste D is tasted

　　(【答案】A)(2005年11月19题)

　　本句的意思是：这盘菜太难吃了，我一点也不喜欢。

　　1.2配套练习

　　1. The middle-aged man was seen _____ out of the house on the afternoon of the murder.

　　A. cameB. come C. to come D. have come

　　2. This kind of glasses manufactured by experienced craftsmen_____comfortably.

　　A. is worn B. wearing C. wears D. are worn

　　3. This out-of-date teaching method_____.

　　A. must do away with B. must have done away with

　　C. must being done away with D. must be done away with

　　4. A fire _______during the night and a large number of houses_______to ashes.

　　A. broke out, were burntB. was broke out, were burnt

　　C. broke out, burntD. set out, were burned

　　5. English ____ in Australia.

　　A. speaks B. are spoken C. is speaking D. is spoken

　　6 A new house ___ at the corner of the road.

　　A. is building B. is being built C. been built D. be building

　　7. His new book___ next month.

　　A. will be published B. is publishing C. is being published D. has been published

　　8. ___ the watch been repaired yet? I badly need it.

　　A. Does B. Has C. Is D. Are

　　9. The flowers ___often.

　　A. must be water B. must be watered C. must watered D. must water

　　10. The pot ___ for ___ hot water.

　　A. used; keeping B. was used; keeping C. is used; to keep D. are used; keep

　　11.How dirty the tables are! They need___.

　　A. to clean B. clean C. cleaning D. cleaned

　　12. Newly-born babies ___in hospital.

　　A. are taken good care B. are taken good care of C. take good care of D. take good care

　　13.The apple ___very sweet.

　　A. is tasted B. taste C. tastes D. are tasting

　　14. -What do you think of the TV play?

　　-Wonderful. It is worth___ a second time.

　　A.watching B. watched C. seen D. seeing

　　15. A photo _____ each time that button _____.

　　A. has taken… has pushed B. has been taken…has pushed

　　C. is taken … will be pushed D. is taken … is pushed.

　　答案与解析

　　1. see sb do sth.主动语态不带to，变成被动语态一定要加to，选C。

　　2. 选C。此处的wear 与write, sell 等词一样，表示“…起来怎么样”时，用主动形式表示被动，此句意思是：这种由熟练技工生产的眼镜戴起来很舒服。

　　3. do away with 为固定短语，意思是“消除，废除”。题意是说“这种过时的教学方法必须被废除”，此题考察情态动词和含介词的短语变被动语态时的用法，应选D。

　　4. 答案A。Break out 不能用被动语态，因此B不对，房子被烧成灰烬是被动语态，并且前后时态要一致，此处都是过去时。

　　5. 选D。英语是被讲的，speak 一词用于讲某种语言的话，为及物动词，故用被动。本句意思是：在

　　6. 选B。此处考察被动语态的现在进行时，为be+ being done。其他选项都不正确。

　　7. 选A。由题中的next month推断，此处考察被动语态的将来时，结构为will be done。

　　8. 选B。根据后面的been 一词可以推断此处是完成时用法，故用have/has，所以选B。

　　9. 选B。此处考查情态动词后的被动式。应为must+be done, 故选B.本句意思是：花必须经常浇。

　　10. 选B。be used for 为：被用做…, for 为介词，故后面要加动名词。本句意思是：这壶是用来盛热水的。

　　11. 选C。 need doing= need to be done, 为主动表被动。

　　12. 动词短语变被动，只需将主要动词变被动，其他成分放于后面即可。这里新生儿是被照顾的，故用被动，选B.

　　13. Look, sound, taste, smell, feel 等感官动词，不用被动形式，故选C.

　　14. Worth 后加主动形式的动名词，但表被动意思。另外看电视剧用watch,故选A。本句意思是：这部电视剧很棒，值得再看一遍。

　　15. 选D。根据意思应当是：每一次按那个按钮，就能照一张相。此处相片和按钮都是动作的宾语，故用被动语态。而each time引导的时间状语中，遵循主将从现原则，故选D。

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