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新浪首页 > 新浪教育 > 《英语学习》2002年9期 > 段和段律师事务所

The Establishment of Duan & Duan Law Firm
http://www.sina.com.cn 2002/10/30 11:37  《英语学习》


  Q. H. Charles Duan graduated from East China University of Politics and Law in Shanghai in 1983. In 1988 he went to the United States to study at his own expense, earning a Master's Degree in law from the University of Washington School of Law in 1990. The same year he was hired by the prestigious Seattle law firm Williams, Kastner & Gibbs as law consultant.

  In 1992, Charles Duan decided to go back to China to start a business; he wanted to become the first person in China to open a law firm privately financed and owned by its partners.

  In order to return to China, he made the decision to relinquish nearly all his positions in the U.S., and without hesitation took out most of his personal savings for the move. He had burned his bridges behind him and was prepared to stake everything on this decision, putting all his passion and hopes ?even the survival of his family ?In the hands of China. But after making several round trips between China and the U.S. in 1992, rushing back and forth between Shanghai and Beijing, and spending tens of thousands of dollars in the process, the only response he received to his proposal of starting a private law firm was:" NO!"?The problem was that Duan's plan was ahead of its time, while official policy at the time still lagged behind.

  But aren't we students studying overseas encouraged to return to China to work? Well, here I am ?back in the country to start an enterprise!

  Sure, we do encourage you to come back and start an enterprise. We encourage students to come back and engage in international trade, to build factories, to carry out scientific research, or to teach. There are rules in official documents that cover all these areas. But nobody asked you to come back and be a lawyer!

  I studied law. If I don't work as a lawyer, what am I supposed to do?

  We're not saying you can't be a lawyer; we also lack lawyers. But you have to comesintosour own law offices to practice.

  What I'm applying for is a private law firm owned by its partners!

  Well now, how can we permit that? Any other area can be an exclusively foreign-owned enterprise or a joint venture, but how can a law office be a private one owned by its partners? Can't you just loosen up the official policy a bit?

  Well... Oh, we're already inquired about that. We can't unless you give up your Green Card.

  But the advantage of us returned students practicing law in China is we have the Green Card, which allows us to go abroad freely to deal with cases involving an overseas party. If we give up our Green Cards, how could we go abroad so conveniently to deal with such cases?

  Uh, there's another way. You start up the firm along with us.

  No. I definitely want to do it on my own. I still think the policy should be opened up a bit.

  Setting up private law firms in China is essential for China's reform and opening up, for getting the Chinese economy on the international track, for allowing China to join the rest of the world. The reason for this is actually quite simple: foreign enterprises want to invest in China, to do business here. And when a legal dispute arises, how can you expect a foreign company to believe that a lawyer who is a "state cadre" (especially a socialist state cadre) would act in their interests? They would doubt the objectivity and fairness of a government-run law office and would only put their trust in a private law office that was exclusively representing the interests of their clients.

  Duan walked his legs off, talked himself hoarse, going time and time again to persuade the governmental organizations or officials in charge of the matter. After negotiations with the various departments, he finally got an official directive: "Allow him to set this precedent."?In November 1992, Duan Qihua's application for the establishment of a private law firm received special approval from the Ministry of Justice, the Shanghai Judicial Bureau, the State Education Commission and the Personnel Bureau of the Shanghai Municipal Government. On April 8, 1993, the Duan & Duan Law Firm, with Q.H. Charles Duan at the helm, held a ceremony to mark its opening in the banquet hall of Shanghai JC Mandarin Hotel. Over 100 guests attended the ceremony and U.S. president Bill Clinton sent his own signed letter of congratulation.

  (Translated by David Moser and Guohua Chen)

段和段律师事务所

  段祺华1983年毕业于上海华东政法学院,1988年自费赴美留学,1990年获华盛顿大学法学院硕士学位,同年又受聘于西雅图著名的律师事务所——威廉,克斯诺及吉布斯律师事务所,任法律顾问。

  1992年段祺华决定回国创业,当开办私人合伙律师事务所的第一人。

  为回国他毅然辞去了在美国的几乎所有职务,毫不犹豫地拿出了家中几乎全部的积蓄;他已经是破釜沉舟,孤注一掷了。他把所有的热情,全部的希望以及一家数口的生活出路统统都寄托在中国了!可他在1992年数度往返于中国和美国,奔波于上海和北京,用去了几万美元之后所得到的关于开办私人合伙律师事务所问题上的答复却是一个字:NO!矛盾在于:段祺华的想法过于超前,而当时的政策仍然滞后。

  咦?不是欢迎留学生回国工作吗?我是回国办企业的呀?

  是呀,我们是欢迎你回来办企业呀。我们欢迎留学生回来搞贸易、开工厂、进行科学研究、从事教育工作,文件上都有具体规定,可没叫你回来做律师呀!

  我是学法律的,不做律师做什么呢?

  你要做律师也不是不可以,律师我们也缺呀;但是必须到我们的律师事务所去做呀!

  我是要申请开办私人合伙的律师事务所!

  那怎么行呢?什么都能搞独资、搞中外合资,律师事务所怎么能私人合伙呢?

  就不能放宽些政策吗?

  那——哦,我们请示了,除非你交出绿卡。

  我们留学生回国当律师的优越性就在于持有绿卡,可以自由出境办理涉外案件;如果把绿卡交了,我们今后还怎么能方便地出国办案呢?

  嗯——还有一个办法,你和我们合办。

  不,我一定要独自办。我认为政策还应该再开放一些。

  中国开办私人合伙律师事务所是改革开放的必需,是中国经济和国际接轨的必需,是中国走向世界的必需。其中道理其实也很简单,外商要投资,要和中国做生意,在发生法律纠纷时,你怎么能期望外商会相信一个是“国家干部”(尤其是社会主义的“国家干部”)的律师来代表他们的利益呢?他们怀疑政府开办的律师事务所的公正性,他们只相信只代表当事人利益的私人律师。

  他跑断了腿,磨破了嘴,一次又一次地去说服有关机构和有关领导,经他协调后,得到了这样的指示:“可以开这个口子。”

  1992年11月段祺华申请的私人律师事务所终于获得国家司法部、上海司法局、国家教委、上海人事部门的特别批准。1993年4月8日,以段祺华为核心的“段和段律师事务所”在上海锦沧文华大酒店宴会厅举行挂牌仪式,100多位贵宾出席了开幕式,美国总统克林顿还特地发来亲笔签名的贺信。

  (摘自1997年4月17日《文汇报》,原文标题是《第一桶金》。)

  注解

  段和段律师事务所:成立于1992年,是中国首家私人合伙律师事务所。英美国家的律师事务所多以合伙创建人的名字命名,例如下面提到的“威廉,克斯诺及吉布斯律师事务所”就是以三个合伙人的名字命名。段和段律师事务所是段祺华创建的,另一个段不知是谁。

  创建:也就是‘建立’(establishment)。

  1

  段祺华:英文名字是Q. H. Charles Duan。汉语拼音Qihua对说英语的人来说很难拼读,不少海外留学生为了方便他人称呼自己,就取一个常见的英文名代替原来的汉语拼音名,或像段祺华那样保留原名的首字母,另加一个英文名。

  上海华东政法学院:这里的“上海”不是学院名字的一部分,因此不能译成Shanghai East China...,得译成East China...in Shanghai。“政法”的“政”可以是‘政治’(politics),也可以是‘政治学’(political science)。该校中文名字没有变,还是“学院”,英文名字却已改成East China University of Politics and Law。

  留学:就是‘在国外学习’(study abroad),但是此处既然前面己指出是to the United States,则abroad就不必译出了。

  获……硕士学位:可以是earn a Master's Degree...from...,也可以是be awarded a Master's Degree...by...。

  著名的:这里译成well-known或famous不如译成prestigious好,后者有‘知名度高’和‘地位高’的双重意思,相当于‘享有盛誉的’。形容牛津、剑桥或北大、清华‘著名’,都应用prestigious这个词。

  法律顾问:law consultant或legal advisor。

  2

  创业:这里的意思是‘开办一家公司’(start a business)。

  私人合伙律师事务所:意思是‘由合伙人私人出资开办并拥有的律师事务所’(a law firm privately financed and owned by its partners)。

  3

  毅然:直译resolutely似乎有些过于强调,译成made the decision(决定)即可。

  辞去:relinquish比较正式,带有‘放弃’的意思。这里也可以用resign或不太正式的quit。

  积蓄:即‘个人存款’(personal savings)。

  破釜沉舟:与之相对应的英语成语是burn one's bridge,这里最好后面加上behind him。

  孤注一掷:即‘决心把一切赌注都押在这一决定上’(was prepared to stake everything on this decision)。

  生活出路:即“生存,存活”(survival)。

  把……寄托在……:即‘把……交付给……(put...in the hands of...)。

  数度往返:make several round trips比travel several times好。

  奔波:rush back and forth。

  用去了几万美元:这里的“几”不能译成several,“几万”译成tens of thousands即可。另外译文里最好加上in the process(在这一过程中),使意思更加清楚。

  关于……的答复:这里应理解为‘他收到的对……的惟一答复’(the only response he received to...)。

  问题上:这里应译成his proposal(他的提议/报告)。

  矛盾:这里是problem的意思,不宜直译成contradiction。

  想法:可以译成idea或plan,后者更具体。

  过于超前:ahead of his time已经隐含“过于”的意思。

  政策:中文单说“政策”意思很清楚,英文里最好加上形容词official(官方)。

  滞后:即‘落后’(lag behind)。

  4

  咦?:语气词,表示惊奇。英语里的why作为语气词使用时,也可以表示惊奇,但是用在这里容易被理解成‘为什么’。考虑到下面的反问句含有惊奇的意思,这里用But增强与前面话的联系。

  不是:完整的中文句子是“你们/国家不是……”,省略主语是为了避免显得咄咄逼人(confrontational)。在这种情况下最适于用英文的被动句。

  欢迎:这里得译成encourage(鼓励),不能译成welcome。首先英语不说welcome somebody to do something,更不能用这种句式的被动形式;其次be welcome to do something所表达的‘欢迎’含有‘允许’的意思,接近于汉语“欢迎多提宝贵意见”里的“欢迎”,不是积极的欢迎。

  留学生:students studying overseas/abroad。

  我是……呀?:“呀”强调一个明显的事实。这里灵活译成Well, here I am(好,我来了),并且改原文的问号为惊叹号。

  办企业:即‘开办企业’(start a business)。

  5

  是呀:单纯一个Yes不足以表达“呀”的语气,所以译成sure。

  搞贸易:即‘从事国际贸易’(engage in international trade)。

  开工厂:即‘建工厂’(build factories)。

  从事教育工作:即‘教书’(teach)。

  文件上:这里的documents之前也是最好加上official,意思才清楚。

  有具体规定:意思是‘有涉及这些领域的规定’(There are rules in...that cover all these areas)。

  6

  是学法律的:这里的“学”显然得译成过去时。

  做什么呢?:意思是“你说我做什么?”,所以译成what am I supposed to do?

  7

  也不是不可以:意思是‘我们不是说你不可以’(We're not saying you can't...)。

  事务所:注意这里译成offices,没有译成firms,因为当时国内的律师事务所还不是firm性质的私营公司。

  去做:前面的“做律师”是work as a lawyer,还可以说practice law,因此这里的“做”可以译成practice。

  8

  我是要申请:意思是‘我申请的是’(What I誱applying for)。注意apply后面的for不能省。

  9

  那怎么行呢?:这里最好一开始添加Well now以缓和语气。“行”表示‘允许’,可以译成主动的how can we permit that?或被动的how can that be permitted。

  什么:即‘任何其他领域’(any other area)。

  搞独资:即‘是外国独资企业’(be an exclusively foreign-owned enterprise)。

  10

  放宽些:即‘放松些’(loosen up...a bit)。

  11

  请示:这里可以按‘询问’(inquire about)来译。

  除非:这里可以译成You will have to...first,或补出缺省的主句We can't unless...。

  12

  交出:这里译成hand in显得太明确,不如译成模糊一点的give up。

  留学生:这里指‘归国留学生’(returned students)。

  涉外:即‘涉及某一海外方的’(involving an overseas party)。

  13

  和我们合办:start up the firm along with us,中文可以没有宾语,英文得补出the firm。

  14

  独自:这里的意思是‘凭借自己的力量’(on my own),不是‘我一个人’(by myself)。

  15

  必需:essential(必不可缺)。名词must也有‘必需之物’的意思,但是一般与for somebody搭配。

  和国际接轨:get...on the international track。

  中国走向世界:也就是‘与世界其他地方汇合在一起’(join the rest of the world),不宜直译成walk toward the world。

  相信:这里是信任的意思,译成put their trust in...。

  代表他们的利益:act in their interests或represent their interests。

  当事人:即‘客户’(client)。

  16

  跑断了腿:英文可以说walked his legs off。

  磨破了嘴:英文说talked himself hoarse(说哑了嗓子)。

  有关:即‘负责这件事的’(in charge of the matter),不应千篇一律地译成...concerned。

  机构:governmental organizations/departments。

  领导:译成officials(官员)比直译成leaders好。

  协调:这里不应译成coordinate,因为段本人起不了协调作用。他实际上是在与多方‘协商’(negotiate)。

  开这个口子:即‘允许他开这个先例’(Allow him to set this precedent.)。

  17

  国家司法部:就是“司法部”(Ministry of Justice)。

  国家教委:全称是“国家教育委员会”(State Education Commission)。

  以……为核心:即‘由……掌舵的’(with...at the helm)。

  上海锦沧文华大酒店:英文名字是Shanghai JC Mandarin Hotel。

  挂牌仪式:a ceremony to mark its opening。

  开幕式:即挂牌仪式,译成the ceremony即可。

  贵宾:guests即可,不必加上distinguished。

  亲笔签名的贺信:his signed letter of congratulation或a congratulatory letter with his own signature。

  The Establishment of Duan & Duan Law Firm




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