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2003年6月托福考试语法笔记小总结
http://www.sina.com.cn 2003/06/23 11:08  寄托天下

  最近,TOEFL版出现了一个非常热心且水平很高的JJ,SUNNYZW以她对TOEFL考试题目的精确理解,无怨无辉的为大家解决问题。SUNNY不肯做斑竹,(我说破最啦都),在这里最大的心愿就是早日成为超级会员。(有问题的XDJM有福啦,这就说明她会一直热心的帮大家回答题目,尤其是语法的各类问题)作为TOEFL的斑竹,跟SUNNY比起来,很惭愧没能为大家详细解答题目问题,在这里,我能为大家做的就是整理了SUNNY6月所有为大家解答的TOEFL语法题,希望对考友们有用。让我们对SUNNY说一声谢谢,也希望大家能够一如既往的支持寄托。

  13.An activist for women's (rights), Leonora O'Reilly promoted women'svocational training (besides) fought for (increased) wages for garmentworkers.

  答案:D。为什么不选B。besides只有副词和介词两种词性,而这里却充当连词。怎么会是正确的呢?

  SUNNY回答:应该是besides错误。increased在这里是过去分词作定语,没有错的。这里虽然是用increasing这个动名词更好,但是besides的错误有些荒唐了。

  ......theories approximate the truth is the day-to-day business of science.

  A. Determining how closely

  B. How closely to determine

  C. How one determines close

  D. One is close to determining

  Altruism is characterized by a deep sympathy for those less fortunate,---- that the aim of life should be to contribute more to society than you take.

  (A) belief rooted in

  (B) in the belief rooted

  (C) rooted in the belief

  (D) the rooted belief in

  Carbon Dioxide may be absorbed by trees or water bodies, or it may stay inthe atmosphere when----, while it is only in the atmosphere that

  chlorofluorocarbons find their home.

  (A) by releasing emissions from cars

  (B) emissions are released by cars

  (C) cars that release emissions

  (D) releasing from car emissions

  SUNNY回答:

  1。选a,动名词作主语,前两天刚刚讨论过的。看一下前面的帖子吧。

  2。选c。过去分词短语作主语的补足语的。一个歪门邪道的办法,我不建议用的,但是考试没有办法的时候可以一试,就是见到believe或者belief就去找后面直接跟着that的选项。(当我没说过,呵呵)

  3。选b。when后面,要么是从句,要么是doing。在本题中,符合要求的只有b、d。但是d中releasing与主语的关系看,应该是用过去分词released by的。所以不选。

  1. Eli Whitney, born in Westborough, Massachusetts (in) 1765, was alwaysinterested in machines , (working) in his father's shop, (taking) apart (awatch) and putting them back together.

  SUNNY回答:从后面得putting them可见,watch应该用复数。数的一致问题。

  2. To reach (a target) of (spending) a billion dollars (in a) lifetime, ahuman being would have to spend money (at rate) of more than 50,000 dollarsper day.

  SUNNY回答:at a rate of

  3. (While) the term (originates) to mean "a woman spinner", any older womanthat (devoted herself)

  to work by (not choosing) to get married was given this term in the 17thcentury.

  SUNNY回答:注意看一下后面的时态是was,显然a现在时是时态不一致的。

  4.Some companies provide other organisations with (core list) of theirclients (whose) products

  may be (of interest) to (them)

  SUNNY回答:core list前面缺少一个冠词。

  7、( ) theories approximate the truth is the day-to-day vusiness ofscience.

  A Determining how closely

  B How closely to determine

  C How one determines closely

  D One is close to determining

  问:前面是主语从句做主语吗?答案是A,可那样的话,closely是副词不能修饰名词theroies呀?

  答:B,how to do. how后面的to是不定式符号,而非介词.所以B不对。

  选A,动名词加从句引导词构成句子的主语,determining后面跟的是一个how引导的宾语从句, approximate是从句谓语. closely不是修饰theroies,而是修饰全句的。

  我认为这道题应该选A,因为A中的closely修饰approximate,请大家指教!

  SUNNY回答:这道题的答案应该是A,Determining how closely theories approximatethe truth是整个句子的主语,动名词短语作主语。Determing is business是句子主干。这里closely的确是修饰approximate这个动词的。

  13、In many areas the slope and topography of the land _____ excessrainfall to run off into a natural outlet.

  (A) neither permit

  (B) without permitting

  (C) nor permitting

  (D) do not permit.

  问:excess是胃语,还有缺胃语呢?我选的B但答案是D.

  答:excess在这里作名词讲,过度,过剩的意思。所以本题缺谓语,A中,neither与nor连用,在这里没有nor. B不能做谓语,C也是没有Neither与之连用。

  我对这道题有些迷惑,我认为最恰当的是A,因为neither也可以单独使用表示两者都否定,例如Neither statement is true.

  SUNNY回答:这道题B无论如何都是不正确的。退一步说,就算neither permit在句子中可以,neither这个词作主语的时候也有一个基本要求,就是后面的谓语动词用单数的。前面玫瑰的讲解完全正确的啊。

  1. (Approximately) one-third of (all persons) involved in adult educationprograms in 1970 (were enrolled) in occupational education (course).

  我选的是B,但是答案是D,应该改为courses,解释是职业教育课程不会只是一门课,可是我觉得这个解释很牵强呀。而且我觉得B的person是特指的“involved in adult educationprograms in 1970”的person,所以我觉得应该把B改为all the person.大家觉得呢?

  SUNNY回答:首先all persons和all the persons所指是相同的,托福也不考察这里多一个少一个the的意思区别问题,所以考试的时候不要在这种地方多想。course是一定要用复数的,不管在意思上,如你上面分析,还是在语法要求上。

  2.Xenon has a number of applications,____may be mentioned its use in flashlamps for high-speed photography.

  (A)among which

  (B)which

  (C)and which

  (D)each of which

  答案是A,请问D为什么不对?

  SUNNY回答:among which是没有问题的,但是整个句子其实还有问题。问了一下老外,同意我的看法,觉得应该是among which may be mentioned is its use in flash lampsfor high-speed photography.中间有一个is句子就显得完整了。楼主再看一眼题目好吗?如果原题就是那个样子的,我也puzzle啦。

  1--in her time,Isadora Duncan was----today a liberated woman.

  a calling what we would

  b who would be calling

  c what we would call

  d she would call it

  看后面是woman,是不是就应该是选人的代词啊?

  SUNNY回答:这道题不用想这么多的。是考了5、6次的一个what句式。关于what,两个句式一定记住what we call及其变形,what is now。它们前面的先行词可能是人可能是物可能是地点,但都是用what指代。

  31.The (taller) of all animals, a (full-grown) giraffe (may be) eighteenfeet or (more high).

  答案:A。我觉得选A有道理,将taller改为tallest。但D为什么是正确的呢?不应该是higher么?

  SUNNY回答:呵呵,这个问题我知道你一定很郁闷啊。我前面有一次提到过,对于托福中的比较级最高级,只要它级别没有用错,形式有时候只好睁只眼闭只眼喽。这个是我举的例子之一。另外的题目还有00年1月最后一题中的most perfect,按照语法书所说,这两种说法都是错误的,可是有什么办法哪?ets就是牛啊。

  考试的时候,如果你可以确定一个主要矛盾,即,绝对属于时态、语态、还有级别错误的,其它形式上的错误就不要来困扰你啦。

  39.(Generally), abstract expressionist art is without recognizable images(and does) not (adhere) the limits of conventional (form).

  答案:C。应该改为adhere to.但D我认为也不正确,因为单数名词不能单独存在,所以我认为应该是forms.

  SUNNY回答:是的。我是那一年考的,偏偏考的时候大脑缺血,恍惚中拿不准adhere to的问题了,于是和D搞了半天。但一缺点adhere是不及物动词,我立刻就放弃D了。关于冠词,有时候在英语中只要是解释为“虚”词或者是“类别”词,很容易就会不用的。可是问题是,我们往往吃不准它什么时候是这样的。我也唏嘘不已啊。


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