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GRE考试中的有中国特色的常用词汇
http://www.sina.com.cn 2003/09/08 10:34  寄托天下

  作者:carrot2000

  A.

  AA制Dutch treatment; go Dutch

  艾滋病(获得性免疫缺损综合征) AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome)

  爱丽舍宫Elysée Palace

  安居工程Housing Project for low-income families

  按成本要素计算的国民经济总值GNP at factor cost

  按揭贷款mortgage loan

  按劳分配distribution according to one's performance

  暗恋unrequited love; fall in love with someone secretly

  暗亏hidden loss

  澳门大三巴牌坊Ruins of St. Paul

  奥姆真理教Japanese Aum Doomsday Cult

  B.

  巴黎证券交易所Paris Bourse

  把握大局grasp the overall situation

  白马王子Prince Charming

  白色行情表white sheet

  白色农业white agriculture (also called "white engineering agriculture" It

  refers to microbiological agriculture and biological cell agriculture.)

  白手起家starting from scratch

  白条IOU note, IOU:债款、债务,由I owe you的读音缩略转义而来白雪公主Snow

  White

  摆架子put on airs

  摆谱儿put on airs; show off; keep up appearances

  拜把兄弟sworn brothers

  拜年pay New Year call

  搬迁户relocated families

  半拉子工程uncompleted project

  棒球运动记者scribe

  傍大款(of a girl) find a sugar daddy; be a mistress for a rich man; lean

  on a moneybags

  包干到户work contracted to households

  包干制overall rationing system; scheme of payment partly in kind and

  partly in cash

  包工包料contract for labor and materials

  保持国民经济发展的良好势头maintain a good momentum of growth in the

  national economy

  保持国有股keep the State-held shares

  保健食品health-care food

  保理业务factoring business

  保护性关税protective tariffs

  保税区the low-tax, tariff-free zone; bonded area

  保证重点支出ensure funding for priority areas

  保值储蓄inflation-proof bank savings

  报国计划的实施implementation of Dedicator's Project

  北欧投资银行Nordic Investment Bank

  本本主义bookishness

  《本草纲目》Compendium of Materia Medica

  本垒打circuit clout, four-master, round trip

  本命年one's year of birth considered in relation to the 12 Terrestrial

  Branches

  奔小康strive for a relatively comfortable life

  笨鸟先飞A slow sparrow should make an early start.

  蹦极bungee, bungee jumping

  避免“大而全”的重复建设avoid duplicate (duplicated, overlapping)

  construction of "small and all inclusive projects"

  逼上梁山be driven to drastic alternatives

  比较经济学comparative economics

  比上不足,比下有余worse off than some, better off than many; to fall short

  of the best, but be better than the worst

  闭门羹given cold-shoulder

  边际报酬marginal return

  边缘科学boundary science

  变相涨价disguised inflation

  便携式电脑portable computer; laptop; notebook computer

  标书bidding documents

  表演赛demonstration match

  剥夺冠军strip the gold medal of somebody

  博彩(业)lottery industry

  博士生Ph.D candidate

  补缺选举by-election

  补贴与反补贴措施subsidies and countervailing measures

  布达拉宫Potala Palace

  布雷顿森林体系Bretton Woods system

  不败记录clean record, spotless record

  不承诺放弃使用武器not undertake to renounce the use of force

  不打不成交No discord, no concord.

  不到长城非好汉He who has never been to the Great Wall is not a true man.

  不分上下的总统选举结果the neck-and-neck presidential election result

  《不见不散》Be there or be square.

  不可再生资源non-renewable resources

  不良贷款non-performing loan

  不夜城sleepless city, ever-bright city

  不正之风bad (harmful) practice; unhealthy tendency

  不准打白条No illegitimate promissory notes (IOUs)

  步行天桥foot bridge

  C.

  擦边球edge ball, touch ball

  擦网球net ball

  采取高姿态show magnanimity

  采取市场多元化战略adopt the strategy of a multi-outlet market

  “菜篮子”工程the "shopping basket' project (program)

  参政、议政participate in the management of State affairs

  沧海桑田Seas change \into\ mulberry fields and mulberry fields change \into\

  seas--time brings great changes to the world.

  What was once the sea has now changed \into\ mulberry fields--the world is

  changing all the time.

  仓储式超市stockroom-style supermarket

  草根工业grass root industry (refers to village and township enterprises

  which take root among farmers and grow like wold grass)

  层层转包和违法分保multi-level contracting and illegal sub-contracting

  差额投票differential voting

  差额选举competitive election

  茶道sado

  查房make/go the rounds of the wards

  拆东墙补西墙rob Peter to pay Paul

  拆迁户households or units relocated due to building demolition

  搀水股票water-down stocks (ordinary stocks that can be bought by persons

  inside a stock company or a business at a cost lower that their face value)

  禅dhyana

  产粮大省granary province

  产量比1997年增加了2倍the output has increased 3 times (registered a 3-fold

  increase; increased 200%)compared with 1997

  产品结构product mix

  产权明晰、权责明确、政企分开、科学管理clearly established ownership, well

  defined power and responsibility, separation of enterprise from

  administration, and scientific management

  产权制度、产权关系property relations; property order

  产销直接挂钩directly link production with marketing

  产业的升级换代upgrading of industies

  产业结构升级upgrading of an industrial structure

  长二捆LM-2E

  长江三角洲Yangtze River delta

  长期共存、互相监督、肝胆相照、荣辱与共long-term coexistence, mutual

  supervision, sincere treatment with each other and the sharing of weal or

  woe

  长线产品product in excessive supply

  厂长经理负责制the factory director (manager) responsibility system

  畅通工程"Smooth Traffic Project"

  畅销产品marketable products; products with good market commodities in

  short supply goods in great demand.

  唱高调mouth high-sounding words

  超高速巨型计算机giant ultra-high-speed computer

  超前消费overconsuming, excessive consumption

  彻头彻尾的反动政治势力an out and out reactionary political force

  城市规划city's landscaping plan; urban planning

  城市中年雅皮士muppie (一批中年专业人士,附庸风雅,矫揉造作cutesification,

  崇尚竟品至上boutiqueification,攀比银行存款bankification等摆阔作风,由

  middle-aged urban yuppie缩合而成)

  城乡信用社credit corroborative in both urban and rural areas

  吃大锅饭egalitarian practice of "everybody eating from the same big pot"

  吃皇粮receive salaries, subsidies, or other supported from the government

  重复建设building redundant project; duplication of similar projects

  抽杀成功hit through

  筹备委员会preparatory committee

  出风头show off;in the limelight

  出口创汇能力capacity to earn foreign exchange through exports

  出口加工区export processing zones

  出口退税制度the system of refunding taxes on exported goods; export (tax)

  rebate

  出口退税refunding export taxes

  出口转内销domestic sales of commodities orginally produced for exports

  出家pravrajana; cloister

  传销multi level marketing

  窗口行业various service trades

  创建卫生城市:build a nationally advanced clean city

  创汇产品foreign exchange (hard-currency) earning experts

  创业园high-tech business incubator; pioneer park

  吹风会(advanced) briefing

  春蕾计划Spring Buds Program

  春运(passenger) transport during the Spring Festival

  《春秋》Spring and Autumn Annals

  磁悬浮列车Maglev train (magnetically levitated train), magnetic suspension

  train

  刺激内需stimulate domestic demand

  辞旧迎新bid farewell to the old and usher in the new; ring out the old

  year and ring in the new

  此地无银三百两A guilty person gives himself away by consciously protesting

  his innocence.

  从粗放经济转变为集约经济shift from extensive economy to intensive economy

  粗放式管理extensive management

  促进全球经济一体化foster integration with the global economy

  促进富余人员合理流动promote a rational flow of surplus personnel

  促进住房商品化promote the commercialization of housing存款保证金guaranty

  money for deposits

  D.

  大包干all-round responsibility system; lump-sum appropriations operation

  达到或接近国际先进水平reach or approach advanced international standards

  打破地区封锁和行业垄断break regional blockades and trade monopolies

  呆帐与坏帐stagnant debts and bad debts non performing funds

  道琼斯工业平均指数飙升至9580点the Dow Jones industrial index average

  soared to 9580 points

  当日指数已1120点收盘the index closed finished ended at 120 on that day

  第三产业third/tertiary industry, service sector, third sequence of

  enterprises

  第四产业quaternary/information industry

  第一/第二/第三产业the primary/secondary/tertiary industry (the service

  sector)

  “豆腐渣”工程a jerry-built project

  东亚金融危机the southeast Asian Financial crisis (turmoil)

  毒品走私drug trafficking

  对大中型国营企业进行公司制改革to corporatize large and medium-sized State-

  owned (state-owned, state) enterprises

  E.

  厄尔尼诺El Nino

  恶性肿瘤malignant tumor

  恶性循环vicious circle

  遏制通货膨胀curb (check, curtail) the inflation

  F.

  法轮功Falun Gong Cult

  发行股票、债券issue shares and bonds

  发扬优良传统carry forward the fine traditions

  发优惠券以促销issue discount shopping coupons to promote sales

  发展文学艺术、新闻出版、广播影视develop literature, the arts, the press,

  publications, radio, film and television; promote literature and art, the

  press and publishing, radio, film and television

  发展新兴产业和高技术产业develop rising and high-tech industries

  发展畜牧业、养殖业、林业develop animal husbandry (livestock farming),

  aquaculture and forestry

  反对铺张浪费oppose/combat extravagance and waste

  反倾销anti-dumping

  防暴警察riot police

  防止经济过热prevent an overheated economy (overheating of the economy)

  防止国有资产流失prevent the loss (devaluation) of State assets

  防止泡沫经济avoid a bubble economy too many bubbles in economy)

  分流下岗人员争取再就业redirect laid-off workers for reemployment

  扶贫、脱贫poverty reduction and elimination

  妇幼保健maternity and child care

  G.

  改革开放和现代化建设的总设计师the chief architect of China's reform,

  opening and modernization drive

  改进产业结构和产品结构improve the industrial pattern and product mix

  该公司股票已经上市the stock of the company have been listed (have gone

  public, have been launched)

  赶上或超过国际先进水平catch up with or even surpass advanced world levels

  高举邓小平理论的伟大旗帜hold high the greater banner of Deng xiaoping

  Theory

  各族人民people of all nationalities (all ethnic groups)

  个体户self-employed households /people

  个人所得税individual income tax

  个体工商业者individual industrialists and businessman

  公务员public servants; civil servants; government functionaries;

  government employees

  股份合作制the joint stock cooperative system

  股份制the joint stock system

  股票热降温了the stock craze has abated

  股市指数the stock market (exchange) index

  股市指数突破1300点大关the stock index broke the 1300-poit mark

  股指暴跌,跌幅7.8%,以14.3元探底the index slumped 7.8 percent to 14.3 Yuan

  鼓励兼并,规范破产encourage mergers and standardize bankruptcy procedures

  规模经济,减轻就业压力to ease the pressure of employment (the employment

  pressure)

  国防科技defence-related science and technology

  国际大都市cosmopolis

  国家指定考试government-mandated test

  国家主席/总理/副总理/国务委员/部长/省长/厅、局长/县长/处长/科长/乡长/村民委

  员会主任president/premier/vice premier/state

  councilor/minister/governor/bureau director/county magistrate, county

  head/department head/ section chief/ head of the township/ chairman of the

  village committee

  国家公务员制度the system of public services

  国内生产总值/国民生产总值GDP (Gross Domestic Product)/ GNP (Gross National

  Product)

  国事访问a state visit

  恒生指数(香港)宽幅震荡the Heng Sheng index fluctuated violently

  获薄利earn (make) narrow profits

  获厚利earn (make, reap) substantial profits

  H.

  海市蜃楼,镜花水月,无稽之谈a mare’s nest

  海湾战争综合症the complexities of the Gulf War

  函授大学correspondence university

  旱地滑雪场mock skiing park

  汉字处理软件Chinese character processing software

  航母aircraft carrier

  豪赌unrestrained gambling

  好事不出门,恶事传千里Good news never goes beyond the gate, while bad news

  spread far and wide.

  好出风头的运动员exhibitionist, grandstander

  好莱坞大片Hollywood blockbuster

  "好球" "Strike"

  和服Kimono

  合理引导消费guide rational consumption

  合议庭collegiate bench

  核销cancel after verification

  黑店gangster inn

  黑客hacker

  黑社会Mafia-style organizations; gangland

  宏观调控macro-control

  红包(中)red paper containing money as a gift, (贬) bribe, kickback

  《红楼梦》A Dream in Red Mansions (The Story of the Stone)

  红帽子企业red cap enterprise (refers to the reputation a private

  enterprise enjoys by becoming attached to a government department and doing

  business in the name of a state-run or collective-run enterprise)

  红细胞生成素Erythropoietin (EPO)

  环太平洋地区Pacific Rim

  后防空虚leave the defense exposed

  后台管理back-stage management

  呼啦圈hu la hoop

  胡子工程long-drawn-out project (a project which takes so long that young

  workers become bearded)

  虎父无犬子A wise goose never lays a tame egg.

  互动广告interactive advertisement

  户口簿residence booklet

  户口管理制度domicile system, residence registration system

  户主head of a household

  护身法宝amulet

  华表ornamental column/cloud pillar/stele

  华盖canopy

  滑板车scooter

  "坏球" "Ball"

  还俗resume secular life, unfrock

  "黄、赌、毒" pornography, gambling and drug abuse and trafficking

  黄金时段prime time

  (吃)"皇粮" public grainfunds, goods, etc provided by the government; salary

  paid by the state

  挥棒swing

  挥棒不中fan

  灰色收入income from moonlighting

  汇丰银行Hong Kong and Shang Hai Banking Corporation

  婚介所matrimonial agency

  婚外恋extramarital love

  活到老,学到老One is never too old to learn.

  火炬计划Torch Program (a plan to develop new and high technology)

  货币化monetization

  货币回笼withdrawal of currency from circulation

  货到付款cash on delivery

  J.

  基础设施工程第一期the first phase of the infrastructure project

  积压产品overstocked commodities (inventories)

  缉毒队narcotics squad

  计划生育family planning (birth control)

  积极培育新的经济增长点actively cultivate new points of economic growth

  技术/劳动/资本/知识密集型产业technology-intensive/labor-intensive/capital-

  intensive/knowledge-intensive industries

  技术更新/改造technological updating /renovation

  计算机2000年问题Y2Kproblem

  (y for year, k for kilo or thousand)

  加强税收政策tighten tax collection

  加强物质文明和精神文明的建设foster both material progress and cultural and

  ethical (cultural and ideological) progress

  加强优生、优育improve prenatal and postnatal care

  加速科技成果商品化、产业化进程accelerate the commercialization and

  industrialization of scientific and technological achievements

  艰苦创业的精神the hardworking and enterprising spirit

  减轻农民负担lighten the burden on the peasants (farmers)

  建设性战略伙伴关系a constructive strategic partnership

  减员增效increase efficiency by downsizing staff

  解决他们的温饱问题provide them with adequate food and clothing

  解困基金anti-poverty funds

  今年第一季度产量比去年同期增长了12.5% the production increased 12.5%

  between January and March compared the corresponding period (the same

  time ) last year

  金融机构financial institutions

  精兵之路fewer but better troops

  经济发展全球化的趋势the globalization trend in economic development

  经济法制化to manage economic affairs according to law;

  to put economic operation on a legal basis

  经济技术开发区an economic and technological development zone

  经济市场化/私有化the mercerization/privatization of the economy

  经济特区a special economic zone

  经济体制改革economic restructuring

  经济萎缩/起飞/兴旺an economic depression (slump, recession)/an economic

  takeoff/an economic boom

  经济转轨switch to a market economy

  精简各级政府机构streamline government departments at all levels

  精品competitive products

  竞争意识competitive spirit

  九届二次全国人民代表大会the second session of the 9th National People's

  Congress

  就业前和在职培训pre-employment and on-the-job (in-service) training

  纠正行业不正之风rectify malpractice in various trades

  军嫂military spouse

  K.

  科技是第一生产力Science and technology constitute the primary productive

  force.

  科教兴国战略the strategy of revitalizing (invigorating) China through

  science and education

  克隆clone

  扣除通货膨胀因素后的人均实际年收入the annual per-captia income in real

  terms (allowing for inflation )

  跨国公司transnational corporation (transactional, multinational

  corporation ,multinational)

  扩大/缩小地区发展差距widen/narrow the gap/disparity between

  regions/localities in terms of development

  L.

  劳务输出export of labor services

  劳务招聘会a labor fair; a job fair

  联防community/team policing

  连续五年丰收bumper harvests for five consecutive years (for five years in

  row for five years running for five years on end for the fifth

  consecutive year)

  练摊to be a vendor (do business)

  乱收费、乱集资、乱摊派的现象依然很严重Arbitrary collection of charges,

  abuse of fund-raising and unchecked apportionment (arbitrary quotas) are

  still rampant.

  M.

  盲流和倒流人员jobless migrants from rural areas to cities,

  influx from the countryside

  美圆对日圆全面升值the system of pegging the currency to the US dollar

  名牌产品famous-brand products ,brand named product

  民族问题the ethnic minority issue

  母公司/子公司/分公司/办事处the parent

  company /subsidiary/branch/branch/representative office

  N.

  耐用消费品consumer durables

  内耗in-fighting

  农副业产品agricultural (farm) and sideline products

  农村/城市信用合作社rural/urban credit cooperatives

  牛市/熊市a bull/bear market

  O.

  欧元Euro

  P.

  派出所local police station

  跑龙套utility man, play a bit role, general handyman

  泡沫经济bubble economy

  配股allotment of shares

  配套政策supporting policies

  培养跨世纪人才bring up (foster) cross-century (trans-century) specialists

  棚户shacks; family that live in shacks

  碰钉子get snubbed

  碰头会brief meeting ( A brief, small-scale, informal meeting with no fixed

  agenda, the main purpose of which is to exchange information.)

  疲软股票soft stock

  皮包公司bogus company

  啤酒肚beer belly

  票贩子scalper, ticket tout

  票房box office

  骗汇、逃汇、套汇obtain foreign currency and false pretenses, not turn over

  foreign currency owed to the government and illegal arbitrage

  拼图jigsaw

  贫富悬殊polarization of rich and poor

  贫铀弹depleted uranium bomb

  平均主义equalitarianism

  平面设计师graphic designer

  评头论足nit-pick

  瓶颈制约“bottleneck”restrictions

  扑网(体) rush-up, rushing

  普选制general election system

  Q.

  妻管严丈夫hen-pecked husband

  取消“大锅饭”give up the practice of "eating from the same big pot"

  abolish egalitarianism

  取消福利分房abolish the welfare-oriented distribution (allocation) of

  public housing

  全球变暖global warming

  全面投产开工go \into\ (enter ) full operation; be full operation; be fully

  operational

  拳头产品knockout product or competitive product

  缺少流动资金a shortage of circulating funds (floating capital)

  裙带经济crony economy

  R.

  人才competent people; trained personnel; experts; specialists

  人才市场the personnel market

  人均国民生产总值达到中等发达国家水平The average per-capita GNP will reach

  the standard of moderately developed countries.

  人民币对美圆汇率稳定the stability of RMB exchange rate against USD

  人民币贬值的压力the devaluation pressure on RMB

  人均住房per-capita housing

  日经指数跌至今年最低点the Nikkei Index fell to a record low for the year.

  融资financing; fund-raising

  S.

  三角恋爱love triangle

  三角债chain debts

  三陪服务escort service

  傻瓜相机Instamatic INSTA(NT)+(AUTO)MATIC

  商品房空置的现象the vacancy problem in commercial housing

  商品粮基地a commodity grain production base

  商业银行commercial banks

  上海证券交易所the Shanghai Securities Exchange

  社会生活social activities

  社会治安情况law-and-order situation

  生活物价指数the cost of living index/the price index

  谁控股?Who holds the controlling shares?

  实行董事会领导下的总经理负责制practice the system of director-general

  responsibility under the leadership of board of the bored of directors.

  使经济进一步市场化make the economy more market-oriented

  使大中型企业摆脱困境extricate (free) the large and medium-sized state-

  owned enterprises from predicament

  实体经济the real economy

  售后服务after sale service

  死胡同blind alley

  私人企业private enterprises (foreign-funded, foreign financed foreign-

  owned) enterprises

  T.

  提高军队在高科技条件下的作战能力improve the army combat capabilities under

  high-tech conditions

  提高综合国力improve the overall national strength (the overall strength of

  the country)

  投诉lodge a complaint, register a beef

  投诉热线dial-a-cheat confidential hotline

  投资热点a region attractive to investors, a much-sought piece of land,

  popular investment spot

  推进国民经济信息化try to informationize the national economy

  推进政府机构改革restructure government institutions

  脱贫致富cast (shake, throw) off poverty and set out on a road to

  prosperity

  W.

  外交豁免权diplomatic immunity

  外商独资企业wholly (solely ) foreign-owned enterprises

  外向型经济/城市an export-oriented economy/a foreign-oriented city, an

  international city

  外资overseas investment

  外资企业foreign invested (foreign founded ,foreign financed ,foreign-

  owned) enterprises .

  X.

  下海go \into\ business

  小康水平the living standards of a fairly comfortable life; a relatively

  comfortable standard of living

  消除两极分化,最终达到共同富裕eliminate polarization and ultimately

  achieve common prosperity

  Y.

  沿着有中国特色的社会主义道路阔步前进take great strides along the road to

  socialism with Chinese characteristics

  摇头丸dancing outreach

  依法收税levy taxes according the law

  一次付清pay in full

  一次消费one-time-consumption

  一次成像照片a Polaroid picture

  一次偿还信贷non-installment

  一次性杯子sanitary cup

  一次性筷子disposable chopsticks

  一次性收入lump-sum payment

  一次用包装non-returnable container

  一次性汇款lump-sum payment

  一次性拖鞋disposable slippers

  一蹶不振的B股市场a sluggish B-share market

  以经济建设为中心take economic construction as the central task

  隐形就业unregistered employment; veiled re-employment

  隐形眼镜contact lens

  有价证券投资portfolio investment

  拥军优属preferential treatment for families of servicemen and martyrs

  拥有至少50%的股份hold a minimum of 50% percent of the equity

  由于资源不足,必须实施可持续发展战略We must adopt the strategy of

  sustainable development owing to the limited resources.

  与国际接轨be geared to international standards; be brought in line with

  international practice (norms)

  与美圆的联系汇率the system of pegging the currency to the U.S. dollar

  育龄夫妇couples of child-bearing age

  Z.

  增加财政收入increase the state tax revenue (fiscal revenue)

  增殖税the value-added tax (VAT)

  掌上明珠the apple of one's eye

  正常贸易关系Normal Trade Relations

  政策银行policy bank

  政企分开separate administrative functions from enterprises

  management separate administration from management

  振兴支柱产业invigorate pillar industries

  振兴中华the rejuvenation (revitalization) of the Chinese nation

  支持强强联合,实现优势互补support association between strong enterprises

  so that they can take advantage of each other's strengths

  智囊团、思想库the brain trust (think tank)

  执行通货紧缩政策pursue a deflationary policy (the policy of deflation)

  支援灾区(灾民);救灾provide relief to disaster-stricken areas (people)

  制约check and supervision

  中共十五大the 15th National Congress of the CPC

  中外合资100强the top 100 Sino-foreign (Chinese-foreign) joint ventures

  重视老龄化问题attach importance to the problem of population aging (the

  aging population)

  昼夜服务round-the-clock service

  主体经济principal sector of the economy; the mainstay of the economy

  滞销货unmarketable (unsalable .poor selling )product

  抓大放小manage large enterprises well while ease control over small ones

  总产值创最高历史记录total output value hit a record high (an all-time

  high)

  综合指数停止下滑,上升28点,达到671点the composite stopped the declining

  momentum, gaining 28 points to 671

  最终实现人民币的自由兑换the free convertibility of the RMB will evenly be

  instituted the RMB will finally become a convertible currency


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