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第二课：世界各地的英语　

http://www.sina.com.cn 2003/11/01 14:11 新浪教育

　WARMING UP

　课文翻译

　　NANCY:Oh, there you are. Now then, did you have a good flight?

　　南希：噢，你在这儿。你旅行愉快吗？

　　JOE:Sure, we flew all the way direct from Seattle to London.

　　乔：还可以，我们从西雅图一直飞到了伦敦。

　　NANCY: You must be very tired. Did you sleep at all on the plane?

　　南希：你一定很劳累。你在飞机上睡觉了吗？

　　JOE:No, not really. I’m very tired. Could I use your bathroom?

　　乔：没有，的确没睡。我很累。好了，我可以用你的浴室吗？

　　NANCY:Why, of course. You don’t need to ask, just make yourself at home.

　　南希：当然可以。你不用问。请随便。

　　Let me give you a clean towel.

　　我给你一条干净的毛巾。

　　JOE:A clean towel?

　　乔：一条干净的毛巾？

　　NANCY:Yes. Here you are. The bathroom is upstairs. It’s the second door

　　南希：是的，给你。浴室在楼上，左边第

　　on the left.

　　二个门。

　　JOE:Thanks Nancy. If you’ll excuse me now.

　　乔：谢谢你，南希。打扰了。

　　(after a while)

　　(过了一会儿)

　　NANCY:Have you found it?

　　南希：你找到了吗？

　　JOE: Well, eh yes, I mean no. I mean, I found the bathroom, but I didnt

　　乔：噢，是的，没有。我的意思是我找到了浴室,但没找到

　　find what I was looking for!

　　我想找的地方!

　重点·难点·考点及疑点注释

　　1. all the way意为“从远道”。

　　My friend came to see me all the way from Shanghai.

　　我的朋友从上海远道来看我。

　　all the way还有“从头至尾，自始至终，完全，全部”之意。

　　Tom stayed in the game all the way.汤姆自始至终参加了比赛。

　　I’m with you all the way.我完全同意并支持你。

　　2. must情态动词，在此句中表示推测，意为“一定会”。

　　You must be hungry after your long walk.你走了那么长的路，一定饿了吧。

　　They must be twins.他们一定是双胞胎。

　　表示“一定做了某事”或“一定正在做某事”，用must have done和must be doing。

　　They must have read the same report.他们一定看的是同一份报道。

　　We thought the teacher must be joking.我们以为老师一定是在开玩笑。

　　can和may也可表推测，意为“有可能”。must通常用于肯定句，can用于疑问句和否定句，may用于疑问和肯定句中。

　　—Who can it be?是谁呢？

　　—It can’t be Li Ming. He has gone to Shanghai.

　　不可能是李明，他已经去上海了。

　　Don’t play with the sharp knife. It may hurt you.

　　不要玩那么锋利的刀，有可能伤着你。

　　3. make yourself at home意为“请随便，请自便”。

　　4. If you’ll excuse me now.意为“请原谅，打搅了，麻烦了”。

　　3. 4两句是有礼貌的日常用语。

　　SPEAKING

　　课文翻译

　　EMILY:Karen, can you tell me how to pronounce“kilometre”?

　　埃米莉：卡伦，请你告诉我怎样读“kilometre”这个词好吗？

　　KAREN:Sure. British people say /’kilumi：t/ and Americans say

　　卡伦：当然可以。英国人读/’klumi：t/，美国人读

　　/ki’lmit/ .

　　/ki’lmit/。

　　TEACHER:Karen and Emily, is there anything that isn’t clear to you?

　　老师：卡伦，埃米莉，你们还有什么不清楚的吗？

　　KAREN:Emily asked me a question, but I already answered her.

　　卡伦：埃米莉问了我一个问题,可我已经回答了她。

　　TEACHER:What was her question?

　　老师：她的问题是什么？

　　KAREN:She asked me how to pronounce“kilometre”.

　　卡伦：她问我怎么读“kilometre”这个词。

　　MS SMITH: Harry, take these two pizzas to Mr Thompson on Broad Street,

　　史密斯夫人：哈里，把这个比萨饼送给托马逊先生，他在百老汇大街

　　Number 12.

　　12号。

　　HARRY:Can you spell that name, please?

　　哈里：你会拼写那个名字吗？

　　MS SMITH:Th-o-m-p-s-o-n. On Broad Street, Number 12.

　　史密斯夫人：T-h-o-m-p-s-o-n。在百老汇大街12号。

　　HARRY:Can you repeat the address, please?

　　哈里：你把地址再重复一下好吗？

　　MS SMITH:Broad Street, Number 12.

　　史密斯夫人：百老汇大街12号。

　　HARRY:Got it.

　　哈里：明白了。

　　MS SMITH:Take Dave’s motorbike. Here are the keys. And hurry up!

　　史密斯夫人：骑上戴夫的摩托车，钥匙在这里。赶快点！

　　HARRY:Anything else?

　　哈里：还有别的事吗？

　　MS SMITH:Don’t forget to buy me some ketchup on your way back.

　　史密斯夫人：在回来的路上别忘了给我买点番茄酱。

　重点·难点·考点及疑点注释

　　1.…is there anything that isn’t clear to you?意为“你还有不清楚的事情吗？”。

　　该句中的that isn’t clear to you是定语从句，修饰anything。一般说来，当先行词是something, anything, nothing, everything时，定语从句的关系代词用that。

　　Is there anything that I can do for you?有什么要我为你做的吗？

　　There is nothing that is too difficult for me.

　　对我来说没有难得做不到的事。

　　2. Got it.意为“明白了”。

　　3. forget to do意为“忘记做”。

　　She forgot to mail the letter.她忘了寄信。

　　注意：forget doing意为“忘记曾做……”

　　I’ll never forget seeing her musical in New York.

　　我永远忘不了在纽约所看过的那出歌舞喜剧。

　READING

　　课文翻译

ENGLISH AROUND THE WORLD

　世界各地的英语

　　English is a language spoken all around the world. There are more

　　英语是世界各地都讲的一种语言。不止

　　than 42 countriesswheresthe majority of the people speak English. Most native

　　42个国家的人讲英语。在英国、

　　speakers of English are found in the United Kingdom, the United States of

　　美国、加拿大、澳大利亚、南非、爱尔兰、新西兰，

　　America, Canada, Australia, South Africa, Ireland and New Zealand. In total,

　　大多数人以英语为母语，

　　for more than 375 million people English is their mother tongue. An equal

　　总共有三亿七千万多人的母语是英语。还有同

　　number of people learn English as a second language. These people will per-

　　样多的人把英语作为第二种语言，这些人

　　haps speak the language of their own country at home with their family, but the

　　在家有可能和他们的家人讲本国语，但是官方、

　　language of the government, schools, newspapers and TV is English. This

　　学校、报纸、电视都用英语。这种情况

　　situation is found in countries such as India, Pakistan, Nigeria and the Philip

　　在很多国家都存在，如印度、巴基斯坦、尼日利亚和菲律宾。

　　pines. However, the number of people who learn English as a foreign language

　　然而，把英语当作外语学习的人

　　is more than 750 million. Everywhere in the world children go to school to

　　有七亿五千多万人。世界各地的孩子上学

　　learn English. Most people learn English for five or six years at high school. In

　　学英语。大多数人在中学学5到6年的英语。在

　　China students learn English at school as a foreign language, except for those

　　中国，学生把英语作为一种外语学习。但香港的

　　in Hong Kong，where many people speak English as a first or a second language.

　　学生不同，在那儿有许多人把英语当作第一或第二语言。

　　In only fifty years, English has developed /into/ the language most widely

　　仅仅50年中，英语已经发展成为世界上讲得最多，使用

　　spoken and used in the world. English is the working language of most interna-

　　得最广泛的语言。英语是大多数国际组织、国际

　　tional organisations, international trade and tourism. Businessmen and tourists

　　贸易、国际旅游的工作语言。商人和旅游者经常来中国，他们

　　often come to China without being able to speak Chinese. Chinese businessmen,

　　通常用不着会讲汉语。中国的商人、

　　taxi drivers and students talk with them using English. English is also the

　　出租车司机和学生用英语和他们交谈。英语像

　　language of global culture，such as popular music and the Internet. You can

　　流行音乐，因特网一样，也是全球性文化。你可以

　　listen to English songs on the radio or use English to communicate with people

　　通过无线电听英语歌曲也可以用英语和世界各地

　　around the world through the Internet. With so many people communicating in

　　的人在因特网上交流。每天有这么多人

　　English every day, it will become more and more important to have a good

　　用英语交流，我们可以认识到掌握好英语

　　knowledge of English.

　　越来越重要。

　重点·难点·考点及疑点注释

　　1. more than意为“多于，不止”。

　　There were more than 1000 people at the party.

　　有1000多人参加了聚会。

　　Her performance is more than good, it was perfect.

　　她的表演非常好，可以说是完美的。

　　no more than意为“仅仅”；not more than意为“不超过，顶多”

　　She ate no more than a slice of toast for breakfast.

　　她早餐只吃了一片吐司。

　　2. English is a language spoken all around the world.意为“英语是一种世界各地都讲的一种语言”。

　　spoken all around the world过去分词短语作后置定语，相当于定语从句...which is spoken all around the world。单个的过去分词作定语，往往前置。而过去分词短语作定语要后置。及物动词的过去分词作定语往往含有被动和完成的意思。而不及物动词的过去分词作定语，只表完成而不表被动。

　　a damaged computer一台损坏了的计算机

　　fallen leaves落叶

　　a bridge built last year去年修建的桥梁

　　the work finished yesterday昨天完成的工作

　　3.majority意为“大多数，大部分”。

　　a/the majority of…后面的谓语动词多用复数

　　The majority of students were indifferent to the political meeting.

　　大多数的学生对政治集会不关心。

　　4.There are more than 42 countriesswheresthe majority of the people speak English.有不止42个国家的人讲英语。

　　此句中包含着一个由where引导的定语从句，当先行词是表示地点的名词时，后常接由where引导的定语从句，where是关系副词，在句中作状语。

　　That is the buildingswheresmy father works.这是我父亲工作的大楼。

　　5. as介词，意为“担任……，作为，如同……”。

　　She works as a secretary.她担任秘书工作。

　　Since the little boy’s mother died, his older sister has acted as his mother.

　　自从那小男孩的母亲死后，他姐姐就象妈妈一样照顾他。

　　6. the number of后跟可数名词复数形式，但谓语动词用单数形式。

　　The number of students in our school is 6000.

　　我们学校的学生的数量是6000。

　　a number of…意为“大量的……”，后面接名词的复数形式。

　　A large number of trucks, cars and buses had to stop because of the heavy snow.由于大雪，大量的卡车、小汽车、公共汽车不得不停开。

　　7. In only fifty years, English has developed /into/ the language most widely spoken and used in the world.

　　仅仅50年中，英语已经发展成为世界上讲得最多，使用得最广泛的语言。

　　此句中的most widely spoken and used in the world在句中作定语，相当于定语从句which/that is most widely spoken and used in the world.

　　8. communicate with sb.意为“和……交流”。

　　I often communicate with my friends by telephone.

　　我经常通过电话和我的朋友交流。

　　9. except意为“除了……”，后面可以接名词或代词，介词短语，动词不定式，还可以接从句。

　　I can take my holidays at any time except in August.

　　除八月外，我什么时候都可以休假。

　　He goes to the library every day except when it rains.

　　除了下雨天，他每天去图书馆。

　　He stood still except that his lips moved.

　　他站在那里除了嘴唇在动外，一动也不动。

　　10. with + n. + ving是with的一种复合结构，注意ing形式的逻辑主语就是with的宾语，即它们的关系是主动的。

　　Now he could walk only with Xiao Hong supporting him.

　　现在只要小红扶着，他就能走路了。(support的逻辑主语是Xiao Hong，又是with的宾语)

　语法:疑问句和祈使句的直接引语和间接引语

　　当把疑问句的直接引语转变为间接引语时，除了时态、人称、地点、时间状语的相应变化外，还应把疑问语序改为陈述语序。一般疑问句的间接引语还应用连词if或whether来引导。祈使句的直接引语改为间接引语时常改为tell/ask/order/sb. (not) to do的形式。

　　“Are you pleased?”asked Tom.

　　→Tom asked if she was pleased.

　　“Do you need to wear any jewellery?”asked John.

　　→John asked whether you need to wear any jewellery.

　　“How much is the necklace worth?”asked the woman.

　　→The woman asked how much was the necklace worth.

　　“Where have you been all these years?”asked Jack.

　　→Jack askedswheresI had been all those years.

　　“Go to the office and get the book for me.”The teacher said to Mike.

　　→The teacher told Mike to go to the office and get the book for her.

　　“Don’t make a noise in class.”The teacher said to the students.

　　→The teacher told the students not to make a noise.

　　INTEGRATING SKILLS

　　课文翻译

　　Reading and writing

　　AMERICAN ENGLISH AND BRITISH ENGLISH

　　美国英语和英国英语

　　Many students want to know about the differences between American

　　很多学生想了解美国英语

　　English and British English. How did these differences come about? There is

　　和英国英语的区别。这些不同是怎样产生的？就

　　no quick answer to this question. At first the language in Britain and America

　　这一问题不能立即做出答复。起初英国英语和美国

　　was the same. In 1776 America became an independent country. After that, the

　　英语一样。1776年美国独立。从那以后，这种

　　language slowly began to change. For a long time the language in America

　　语言慢慢地发生变化。很长一段时间美国

　　stayed the same, while the language in England changed. For example, 300

　　英语没有变化，而英国英语变了。例如，300

　　years ago the English talked about“fall”. Today, most British people talk

　　年前英国人说“fall”(秋季)。而今天大多数英国人说

　　about“autumn”, but American still talk about“fall”. In the same way

　　“autumn”(秋季)，但是美国人仍然说“fall”(秋季)。同样，

　　Americans still use the expression“I guess”(meaning“I think”), just as the

　　正如英国人300年前那样，美国人仍然说“I guess”

　　British did 300 years ago.

　　(意为“我想”，英国人说I think)。

　　At the same time, British English and American English started borrow

　　与此同时，英国英语和美国英语都从

　　ing words from other languages, ending up with different words. For example,

　　其他语言中吸取一些词汇，结果出现了一些不同的词汇。例如，

　　the British took“typhoon”from Chinese, while the Americans took“tornado”

　　英国人从汉语中吸取了“typhoon”(台风)一词，而美国人从

　　from Spanish.

　　西班牙语中吸取了“tornado”(龙卷风)一词。

　　In 1828 Noah Webster published the first American dictionary. He wanted

　　1828年，诺亚·韦伯斯特出版了第一本美语字典。他想

　　to make American English different from British English, so he changed the

　　把美国英语和英国英语区分开，所以他改变了

　　spelling of many words. That’s why the words colour, centre, and traveller

　　许多词的拼写。那就是为什么“colour, centre, traveller”

　　are spelt color, center and traveler in American English. Except for these

　　这些词在美国英语中拼写为“color, center, traveler”。不过，

　　differences in spelling, written English is more or less the same in both British

　　英国英语和美国英语的书面语几乎

　　English and American English.

　　是一样的。

　　The differences are greater in the spoken language. For example, Americans

　　英国英语和美国英语在口语中的差别更大。例如：

　　say dance /dns/, and in southern England they say /da:ns/. In America

　　美国人说dance/dns/,而英国南部的人说/da:ns/。在美国，

　　they pronounce not /nat/; in southern England they say /nt/. However,

　　人们说not/nat/,而在英国南部，人们说/nt/。然而，

　　most of the time people from the two countries do not have any difficulty in

　　大多数时候来自这两个国家的人毫不费力

　　understanding each other.

　　就能相互听懂。

　重点·难点·考点及疑点注释

　　1. come about意为“发生”，相当于happen，不及物，没有被动语态。

　　Can you tell me how the accident came about?

　　你能告诉我事故是怎样发生的吗？

　　How did it come about that he knewswhereswe were?

　　他是怎么知道我们在什么地方的呢？

　　2. stay在句中是系动词，意为“维持某种状态”，后可接形容词或名词。

　　We stay friends for many years.我们是多年的朋友了。

　　I stayed awake throughout the stormy night.

　　那个暴风雨的夜晚我未曾合眼。

　　3. while连词，表示轻微的转折或者对比。

　　I drink black coffee while he prefers it with cream.

　　我爱喝清咖啡，而他喜欢加奶油的。

　　4. end up with意为“以……结束”。

　　The party ended up with a song that everyone is familiar with.

　　晚会以大家都熟悉的一首歌曲结束。

　　5. more or less意为“差不多，几乎”。

　　The repairs will cost , more or less.修理费大约要50美元。

　　The job is more or less finished.这项工作差不多完成了。

　　6. have difficulty (in)doing意为“做……有困难”，也可用have trouble (in) doing。difficulty和trouble前可以有any, great, no等形容词。

　　She had great difficulty in understanding him.

　　她很难理解他说的话。

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