动名词(包括动名词短语)在句中起名词的作用，可以充当主语、表语、宾语(动词宾语和介词宾语)、定语、同位语。但动名词仍保留着某些动词的特征，如可以有自己的宾语或状语。在大学英语四级考试中，重点考查内容是动名词作宾语(动词的宾语，介词的宾语，特别是介词to的宾语)，动名词作主语，带逻辑主语的动名词有时也考。下面以历年四级考过的关于动名词的真题(例句为包括答案的真题题干)为例，进行说明。

　　一、动名词作宾语

　　1.动名词作动词的宾语

　　有些动词后面只能跟动名词作它的宾语。在四级考试中常见的这类动词有：ac- knowledge(承认),admit(承认),avoid(避免),anticipate(期待),appreciate(感激), advocate(提倡),consider(考虑),delay(耽搁),deny(否认),enjoy(非常喜欢),escape(逃避),fancy(想象),finish(完成),hinder(妨碍),imagine(想象),involve(牵涉), miss(错过),postpone(推迟),practice(练习),quit(停止),recall(回忆),resent(憎恨),resist(抵抗),risk(冒险),suggest(建议)等。例如：

　　1)They are considering buying the house before the prices go up.(1989.1)

　　2)My wife said in her letter that she would appreciate hearing from you sometime.(1992.12)

　　3)Peter，who had been driving all day, suggested stopping at the next town.(2000.6)

　　4)That young m an still denies having started the fire behind the store.(2001.1)

　　2.动名词作介词的宾语

　　1)Ann never dream s of there being a chance for her to be sent abroad very soon.(1998.6)

　　2)On seeing the dam age he had done, the child felt ashamed.(1999.1)

　　3)No one had told Smith about there being a lecture the following day.(2001.1)

　　3.动名词作介词to的宾语

　　有些动词短语以to结尾(to是介词而不是不定式符号)须接动名词(短语)作宾语，在四级考试中这个介词to最容易使人认为它是不定式符号，而把该用动名词的地方错用成动词原形。常见的这类动词短语有：amount to(等于)，be accustom ed to(习惯于)，be used to(习惯于)，confess to(承认)，devote／contribute to(贡献)，fall to(开始)，feel up to(觉得)，look forward to(盼望)，lead to(导致)，object to(反对)，re- strict to(限制)，take to(着手，开始)等等。例如：

　　1)Don't worry,Philip is quite used to driving in such heavy traffic as this.(1988.6)

　　2)The match was cancelled because most of the members objected to having a match without a standard court.(1991.6)

　　3)The m an in the corner confessed to having told a lie to the manager of the company.(1997.6)

　　另外，某些名词如objection,adjustment,approach,resistance,dislike等常与

　　介词to搭配，to后接动名词作宾语。例如：

　　1)I have no objection to spending the evening with them.(1995.1)

　　2)The traditional approach to dealing with complex problems is to break them down into smaller,m ore easily managed problems.(1996.6)

　　3)I have no objection to hearing your story again.(2000.6)

　　注：动词want,need,require和deserve后面接动名词的主动形式表示被动意义。例如：

　　Your hair wants cutting.You'd better have it done tomorrow.(1997.6)(cutting＝to be cut)

　　二、动名词作主语

　　动名词作主语可以位于句首，如：Seeing is believing.但在四级考试中，动名词作主语常置于句末，而用it作形式主语。四级考试中使用动名词作主语的主要结构有：It's no good／no use／no harm／no fun／useless／a waste of time＋动名词……(做……是没有好处／无用／无害／无趣／无用／浪费时间的)例如：

　　It's no use your telling me not to worry.(1989.1)

　　三、动名词的逻辑主语

　　一般来说，动名词的主语应该与句子的主语是一致的，如果不一致，动名词可以有自己的逻辑主语。在"物主代词／名词所有格＋动名词"的结构中，"物主代词／名词所有格"是动名词的逻辑主语，动名词是逻辑上的谓语动词。此结构多用于动名词作主语或宾语。(但是动名词的逻辑主语是无生命的名词、抽象名词、不定代词、指示代词及名词化的形容词时，不用所有格形式。)例如：

　　1)I remember him once offering to help us if we ever get into trouble.(1995.1)

　　2)The girl's being educated in an atmosphere of simple living was what her parents wished for.(1999.1)

　　其它历年考过的关于动名词的四级真题还有：

　　1)John regretted _______ the meeting last week.(1990.1)

　　A)not going B)not to go

　　C)not having been going

　　D)not to be going

　　2)It was impossible to avoid _______ by the stormy weather.(1990.6)

　　A)to be much affected

　　B)being much affected

　　C)having much affected

　　D)to have been much affected

　　3)The teacher doesn't permit _______ in class.(1991.6)

　　A)smoke B)to smoke

　　C)smoking D)to have a smoke

　　4)I appreciate _______ to your home.(1991.6)

　　A)to be invited

　　B)to have invited

　　C)having invited

　　D)being invited

　　5)Building that railway was very difficult and involved _______ ten tunnels.(1992.6)

　　A)dig B)having dug

　　C)to have dug D)digging

　　6)She was so angry that she felt like _______ something at him.(1992.6)

　　A)to throw B)to have thrown

　　C)throwing D)having thrown

　　7)Jean did not have time to go to the concert last night because she was busy

　　_______ for her exam ination.(1993.6)

　　A)preparing B)to be prepared

　　C)to prepare D)being prepared

　　8)I would appreciate _______ it a secret.(1995.6)

　　A)you to keep

　　B)your keeping

　　C)that you keep

　　D)that you will keep

　　9)Mark often attempts to escape _______ whenever he breaks traffic regulations.(1995.6)

　　A)having been fined

　　B)to have been fined

　　C)being fined

　　D)to be fined

　　10)Although punctual him self，the professor was quite used _______ late for his lecture.(1997.12)

　　A)to have students

　　B)for students' being

　　C)for students to be

　　D)to students' being

　　11)People appreciate _______ with him because he has a good sense of humor.(1997.12)

　　A)to work B)working

　　C)to have worked

　　D)having worked

　　12)He gives people the impression _______ all his life abroad.

　　A)of having spent B)to have spent

　　C)of being spent D)to spend

　　13)I don't mind _______ the decision as long as it is not too late.(2000.1)

　　A)you to delay making

　　B)your delaying making

　　C)your delaying to make

　　D)you delay to make

　　14)I'll never forget _______ you for the first time.(2001.1)

　　A)to meet

　　B)meeting

　　C)to have met

　　D)having to be meeting

　　15)Sometimes children have trouble _______ fact from fiction and

　　may believe that such things actually exist.(2002.1)

　　A)to separate B)separating

　　C)for separating D)of separating

　　Key：1) -5)A B C D D

　　6) -10)C A B C D

　　11)-15)B A B B B

　　(文/武警医学院崔学军张玉藕;英语通大学英语四级考试版03~04学年第11期;版权归英语辅导报社所有，独家网络合作伙伴新浪教育，未经许可，不得以任何形式进行转载。)