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新浪首页 > 新浪教育 > 英语辅导报社专栏 > 六级语法:CET-6阅读理解中的猜词技巧

六级语法:CET-6阅读理解中的猜词技巧
http://www.sina.com.cn 2004/01/18 08:39  英语辅导报

  历年六级考试阅读材料中很少有超纲的词,如果一旦出现,多用汉语标明其意义,其余则是命题人员认为考生可以猜出其基本含义的词,且原则上每篇文章不超过2个。历年来的六级试卷均严格遵守这一条。

  自2003年开始,全国大学英语四、六级考试词汇不再具体指定,这样就增加了词汇考查的难度,尤其是阅读理解中的生疏词汇数量可能会越来越大。解决这些生词问题,除了知识本身的储备外,猜词的方法和技巧也很重要。

  (一)利用相关信息推断生词词义。

  有时所考查到的词或词语可能有几种意思,要选择恰当的合乎题意的义项,就得从上下文相关信息中获得某个词或词语的线索和暗示。

  CET-6,00,1阅读理解短文一中第22道选择题:

  Though the social problems Jerry Springer talks about appear distasteful ,the audience _______ .

  A)remain fascinated by them

  B)are ready to face up to them

  C)remain indifferent to them

  D)are willing to get involved in them

  我们在原文中找出相应段落:

  Jerry Springer could easily be considered the king of"trash talk(废话)".The topics on his show are as shocking as shocking can be.For example,the show takes the ever-common talk show themes of love,sex,cheating,guilt,hate, conflict and morality to a different level.Clearly,the Jerry Springer show is a display and exploitation of society's moral catastrophes,yet people are willing to eat up the intriguing predicaments(困境)of other people's lives.

  分析:此段中intriguing一词是理解上的难点。eat up意思明显,"吃光"、"对……极感兴趣"。文中说到Jerry Springer话题涉及到love, sex, cheating, guilt, hate, conflict and morality,且这些与predicament(该词词义短文中已经给出)相关,人们对此的态度是"...are willing to eat up",显然,此处意指"有趣的,迷人的"。该道题目答案为A)。

  (二)利用原文中的语义重现(repetition)或给出的定义(definition)。

  有时文章的作者考虑到某个词义可能读者不熟悉,就常采取直接定义或是用另一种方式进行解释(paraphrase)或是提供该词所指(signified)的特征的方法,这种解释也是一种语义的重现。它一般是对前面一句的补充或是重新陈述,通常包含某个生词的词义。常用的词语有:to put another way,i.e.,that is,refer to,can be defined as等等。

  CET-6,00,1阅读理解短文四:

  (Para.2)New"fake fat"products appeared on store shelves in the United States recently,but not everyone is happy about it.Makers of the products,which contain a compound called olestra,say food manufacturers can now eliminate fat from certain foods.Critics,however,say the new compound can rob the body of essential vitamins and nutrients(营养物)and can also cause unpleasant side effects in some people.

  36.We learn from the passage that olestra is a substance that _______ .

  A)contains plenty of nutrients

  B)makes foods fat-free while keeping them delicious

  C)renders foods calorie-free while retaining their vitamins

  D)makes foods easily digestible

  分析:制造商说,食品制造厂应该减少食品里面的脂肪;批评者说,这种新的物质能剥夺身体吸收基本的营养,还会有依稀讨厌的副作用。显然,说的这些都是"olestra"意义的一种重现。通过这些叙述,"olestra"的意思进一步明朗:满足这些条件的,能加在食品里面的使其保持原来美味的东西,就只可能是保鲜剂一类的东西,那么该题的答案就应该选择B)。

  (三)利用文中的举例来猜测生词的意思。

  根据上下文所举的例子,归纳出某个生词(组)的含义。常用的词语有:such as,like, as,for instance,for example,as...as,take an example等。

  CET-6,00,6阅读理解短文三:

  (Para.2)Policymakers and industry have four options:reduce vehicle use,increase the efficiency and reduce the emissions of conventional gasoline-powered vehicles,switch to less harmful fuels,or find less polluting driving systems...The other alternatives are attractive in theory but in practice are either impractical or offer only marginal improvements.For example,reduced vehicle use could solve traffic problems and a host of social and environmental problems.

  分析:根据文中的"or",可初步分析出"marginal"与"impractical"的意思可能很接近,但仍有一点区别。接着看下文,"减少使用汽车能解决交通问题和一大堆社会、环境问题。但来自全球的证据表明,使人们放弃使用汽车的做法很难达到一个有意义的程度。"因此,这种提高收效甚微,"marginal"应是"效果不明显的;少量的"。

  (Para.3)Improved energy efficiency is also appealing,but automotive fuel economy has barely made any progress in 10years.Alternative fuels such as natural gas,burned in internal-combustion engines,could be introduced at relatively low cost,

  分析:"提高能源效率的办法也是很吸引人的,但汽车燃料的节约在十年里几乎没有什么进步。"然后用什么办法呢?找些"alternative fuels"。什么是"alternative fuels"呢?比如"天然气",噢,原来"alternative fuels"是可供选择的能源,这里显然指的是"替代燃料"。

  (四)利用对比、比较、对照、递进等关系。

  比较关系有意义上的相似点,对照关系则有意义上的对立点。根据已知关系、已知信息推出未知生词的含义。其一般的表达方式有:...(al)though...,but,yet,even等。

  CET-6,01,6阅读理解短文一:

  (Para.3)Our linguistic(语言上的)and cultural blindness and the casualness with which we take notice of the developed tastes,gestures,customs and languages of other countries,are losing our friends,business and respect in the world.

  (Para.4)Even here in the United States,we make few concessions to the needs of foreign visitors.There are no information signs in four languages on our public buildings or monuments;we do not have multilingual(多语言的) guided tours...

  文章首先提到美国人因为语言文化的盲点和漫不经心的思想行为使他们在世界上失去朋友、生意和别人对他们的尊重,美国人太霸道,甚至在国内也是如此。顺着这个意思,推测出make few concessions to the needs of foreign visitors意为"对外国访客的需要毫不让步"。

  (五)利用常识性知识或自身经验来猜测。

  根据常识性知识或自身的经验来判断某个多义词(组)特定的上下文含义(contextual meaning)。

  CET-6,01,6阅读理解短文一:

  (Para.2)Those private citizens who sent packages to our troops occupying Germany after World War II and marked them GIFT to escape duty payments did not bother to find out that"GIFT"means poison in German...

  分析:"private"含义甚多,有"私人的、个人的、私有(营)的、秘密的、独立的、非官方的、无官职的"等意。此处讲述"private citizens"邮寄包裹给占领了德国的美军视为逃课税,将包裹上标记为"礼物"。如我们所知,官方的人邮寄东西给军队无须苛税,但非官方就不一样了。所以此处的"private citizens"应为"非官方人士"。

  (文/浙江宁波万里学院周先武;英语通大学英语六级考试版2003年第10期;版权归英语辅导报社所有,独家网络合作伙伴新浪教育,未经许可,不得以任何形式进行转载。)




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