在英语中，两个或两个以上的简单句，可以用并列连词(组)连接为并列句。常见的并列连词(组)有and,but,or,so,yet,for,while,either...or...,neither...nor...,not only...but also...,not...but...等。有些副词，如：besides,otherwise,therefore,however等有时也可以起到并列连词的作用。并列句的关系不同，所用的连接词(组)亦不同。一般地讲，可分为四类：

　　一、并列句上下文的逻辑关系是增补关系。

　　用来表示这种关系的连词有：and;both...and;neither...nor;not only...but also;as well as等。例如：

　　One more week,____ we will accomplish the task.

　　A.or B.so that C.and D.if

　　(注：有下划线的选项是正确答案，下同。)

　　Jim wanted very much to make his mark in music and finally he succeeded with the help of his teacher.吉姆很想在音乐方面有所作为，最后在老师的帮助下终于获得了成功。

　　Tom as well as you is fond of swimming.汤姆像你一样也喜欢游泳。

　　Not only is Li Ping good at maths but also he does well in physics.李平不仅数学学得好而且物理学得也不错。

　　二、并列句上下文的逻辑关系是转折关系。

　　这类连词主要有but，while等。例如：

　　-I don't like chicken ____ fish.

　　-I don't like chicken,____ I like fish very much.(NMET'93)

　　A.and;and B.and;but C.or;and D.or；but

　　They were surprised that a child should work out the problem ____ they themselves couldn't.('96上海)

　　A.once B.then C.while D.if

　　Tommy caught the school bus,____.('98上海)

　　A.and Jane did neither

　　B.but so did Jane

　　C.and Jane didn't either

　　D.but Jane didn't

　　My name is Robert,____ most of my friends call me Bob for short.('97上海)

　　A.then B.instead C.however D.but

　　三、并列句上下文的逻辑关系是选择关系。

　　用来表示这种关系的并列词(组)有or;either...or;or else;whether...or等。例如：

　　We must get up early tomorrow,____ we'll miss the first bus to the Great Wall.(MET'89)

　　A.so B.or C.but D.however

　　Would you like a cup of coffee ____ shall we get down to business right away?(NMET'95)

　　A.and B.then C.or D.otherwise

　　Whether he comes to the party or not is none of your business.他是否来参加这个聚会不关你的事。

　　Is either Li Mei or Liu Fang going to attend the concert?是李梅还是刘芳将参加这次比赛？

　　四、并列句上下文的逻辑关系是因果关系。

　　用来表示该种关系的并列连词有：so,for等。例如：

　　He was ill,so he didn't come to school yesterday.他病了，所以昨天没来上学。

　　The day breaks，for the birds are singing.天亮了，因为鸟儿在唱歌。

　　注意：并列连词不可以与从属连词在同一并列句中使用。例如：

　　(1)Although he is considered a great writer，____.(MET'91)

　　A.his works are not widely read

　　B.but his works are not widely read

　　C.however his works are not widely read

　　D.still his works are not widely read

　　(2)____ it with me and I'll see what I can do.(NMET'98)

　　A.When left B.Leaving

　　C.If you leave D.Leave

　　第(1)题中上文用了从属连词although，因此，下文中不可以再用but，故排除B选项。however不能和though(although)并用在同一句中；still常用于肯定句中，故C、D选项也应排除。所以正确的答案是A。第(2)题的题干中已出现了并列连词and，所以不可以再用从属连词whether或if，故排除A、C；再者and连接的两个词须形式一致，故B也应排除。所以正确的答案是D。

　　简单句、并列句、复合句均可相互转换。

　　1、简单句与并列句之间的相互转换

　　(1)简单句转换为并列句，常把简单句中的某一短语转变为并列句中的一个分句。例如：

　　Tom is too young to go to school.汤姆太小，不能上学。

　　→Tom is very young and he can't go to school.

　　She got up very early to meet her parents at the station.她很早起床以便去车站接她的父母。

　　→She wanted to meet her parents at the station,so she got up early.

　　(2)并列句转换为简单句，常把其中的一个分句变为短语。例如：

　　The football match had to be delayed,for it is raining heavily.足球赛被迫延期举行，因为天正下着雨。

　　→The football match had to be delayed because of the heavy rain.

　　Li Ying wanted to become a college student，so she studied hard.李莹想成为一名大学生，因此学习很用功。

　　→Li Ying studied hard so as to become a college student.

　　2、并列句和复合句的转换

　　(1)并列句转换为复合句，常把其中的一个分句转化为从句。(根据句意加上相应的连词)例如：

　　Mr.Zhang hurt his legs,so he didn't attend the meeting.张老师伤了双腿，因此没有出席这次会议。

　　→Because Mr.Zhang hurt his legs，he did not attend the meeting.

　　I have to study harder,or I shall not catch up with my classmates.我不得不更加用功地学习，否则我就赶不上我的同学们。

　　→I have to study harder and harder in order that I can catch up with my classmates.

　　(2)复合句转换为并列句，须把一个从句转换为一个分句。例如：

　　Though he was very young,he knows a lot about computers.尽管他很年轻，但是他对电脑却懂得很多。

　　→He was very young,but he knows a lot about computers.

　　If we don't start off early,we'll be late for the first bus.如果我们不早一点动身，我们就赶不上首班车了。

　　→Start off early or we'll be late for the first bus.

　　巩固练习：请选出符合题意的最佳选项。

　　1.Excuse me for breaking in,____ I have some news for you.

　　A.so B.and C.but D.yet

　　2.She set out soon after dark ____ home an hour later.

　　A.arrived B.arrives C.having arrived D.and arrived

　　3.Turn the heat down ____ your cake will burn.

　　A.but B.or C.and D.then

　　4.It must have rained last night,theground was all wet.

　　A.if B.when C.for D.in case

　　5.____ many times but he still couldn't understand it.

　　A.Having been told B.Though had been told

　　C.Having told D.He was told

　　6.Though he worked hard,____ he failed to pass the exam.

　　A.yet B.However C.as a result D.but

　　7.It rained；____,the volleyball match was put off.

　　A.however B.therefore C.for D.now that

　　8.I don't want to go;____,I'm tired.

　　A.otherwise B.therefore C.besides D.however

　　9.Mother was cooking ____ father was reading a newspaper.

　　A.while B.but C.when D.for

　　10.____ you ____ he ____ right.

　　A.Not;but;is B.Either;or;are

　　C.Not only;but also;were

　　D.Not just;but;are

　　Key: 1.C 2.D 3.B 4.C 5.D 6.A 7.B 8.C 9.A 10.A

　　(文/山东沂水杨春吉；英语通高三版2003学年第10期；版权归英语辅导报社所有，独家网络合作伙伴新浪教育，未经许可，不得以任何形式进行转载。)