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CET-4中的分词、独立结构试题解析
http://www.sina.com.cn 2004/01/20 09:22  英语辅导报

  1.Don't get your schedule _______;stay with us in this class.

  (1996.1-42)

  A)to change B)changing

  C)changed D)change

  2._______ the earth to be flat,many feared that Columbus would fall off the edge of the earth.(1996.6-22)

  A)Having believed

  B)Believing

  C)Believed

  D)Being believed

  3.After the Arab States won independence,great emphasis was laid on expanding education,with girls as well as boys _______ to go to school.(1997.1-26)

  A)to be encouraged

  B)been encouraged

  C)being encouraged

  D)be encouraged

  4._______,a m an who expresses him self effectively is sure to succeed more rapidly than a m an whose com m and of language is poor.

  (1997.6-56)

  A)Other things being equal

  B)To be equal to other things

  C)Were other things equal

  D)Other things to be equal

  5.As early as 1647 Ohio made a decision that free,tax-supported schools must be established in every town _______ 50 households or m ore.(1998.1-36)

  A)having B)to have

  C)to have had D)having had

  6.All things _______,the planned trip will have to be called off.(1998.6-49)

  A)considered B)be considered

  C)considering D)having considered

  7.His remarks left me _______ about his real purpose.

  (1999.6-45)

  A)wondered B)wonder

  C)to wonder D)wondering

  8.The house was very quiet,_______ as it was on the side of a mountain.(1999.6-48)

  A)isolated B)isolating

  C)being isolated

  D)having been isolated

  9.This crop has similar qualities to the previous one,_______ both wind-resistant and adapted to the same type of soil.

  (1999.6 -57)

  A)being B)been

  C)to be D)having been

  10.Corn originated in New World and thus was not known in Europe until Columbus found it _______ in Cuba.(2000.1- 45)

  A)being cultivated

  B)been cultivated

  C)having cultivated

  D)cultivating

  11.The sale usually takes place outside the house,with the audience _______ on benches,chairs or boxes.(2000.1-46)

  A)having seated B)seating

  C)seated

  D)having been seated

  12._______ in this way,the situation doesn't seem so disappointing.(2000.1 -68)

  A)To look at B)Looking at

  C)Looked at D)To be looked at

  13.These surveys indicate that many crimes go _______ by the police,mainly because not all victim s report them.(2000.6- 26)

  A)unrecorded

  B)to be unrecorded

  C)unrecording

  D)to have been unrecorded

  14.You will see this product _______ wherever you go.

  (2000.6-30)

  A)to be advertised B)advertised

  C)advertise D)advertising

  15.All the tasks _______ ahead of time,they decided to go on holiday for a week. (2001.6-56)

  A)been fulfilled

  B)having been fulfilled

  C)were fulfilled

  D)had been fulfilled

  16._______ in the United States,St.Louis has now become the 24th largest city. (2001.6-60)

  A)Being the fourth biggest city

  B)It was once the fourth biggest city

  C)Once the fourth biggest city

  D)The fourth biggest city it was

  17.He wasn't appointed chairman of the committee,_______ not very popular

  with all its members.(2002.1-53)

  A)to be considered

  B)considering

  C)being considered

  D)having considered

  18.Contrast m ay make something appear more beautiful than it is when

  _______ alone.(2002.1-61)

  A)seen B)is seen

  C)to be seen D)having been seen

  19.We left the meeting,there obviously _______ no point in staying.(2002.6-58)

  A)were B)being

  C)to be D)having

  20.Anna was reading a piece of science fiction,completely _______ to the outside world.(2003.1-43)

  A)having been lost B)to be lost

  C)losing D)lost

  答案、译文及解析:

  1.答案:C)【译文】别改变你的计划了;留下来和我们一起上这门课吧。

  【解析】get sth.done相当于have sth.done,want sth.done"希望,想要(某事)做成"。例如:

  I got the work finished just in time.我正好及时做完这项工作。

  I must get this radio mended.我必须把这台收音机修理好。

  2答案:B)【译文】由于认为地球是平的,许多人担心哥伦布会从地球边缘掉下去。

  【解析】分词短语作状语时,其逻辑主语与句子主语一致,并且与句子主语是主动关系,fear和believe两个动作不存在时间上的先后,所以用现在分词的一般式。

  3.答案:C)【译文】阿拉伯国家赢得独立后,十分重视发展教育,男孩和女孩都被鼓励去上学。

  【解析】介词with可引出分词独立结构,表示一种陪衬性动作或补充说明。该句being encouraged中"being"可以省略。例如:

  Her room was on the third floor,with windows looking into the street.她的房间在3楼,窗前正对着大街。

  They drove to the seaside for relaxation,with the job completed.工作完毕,他们驱车去海边放松。

  4.答案:A)【译文】在其他条件相同的情况下,一个善于表达自己的人要比一个不善言谈的人能较快地获得成功。

  【解析】分词独立结构作状语,该结构相当于If other things are equal。由于谓语动词的主语并非分词结构的主语,因此分词结构需要带上自己的逻辑主语。

  5.答案:A)【译文】早在1647年Ohio就作出决定:在每个有50户以上居民的城镇中必须建立免费的、由财政支持的学校。

  【解析】分词可以用来代替一个定语从句作定语。例如:

  Do you know the m an standing(=who stands)over there?你认识站在那边的那个人吗?

  Homework done(=that is done)can lead to better grades.按时完成作业有助于成绩的提高。

  6.答案:A)【译文】考虑到所有事情,原计划的旅游将不得不取消。

  【解析】分词结构作状语,相当于Because all things are considered;All things在逻辑上与consider是动宾关系,因此用表被动意义的过去分词形式,反之,则用现在分词形式。例如:

  His heart beating fast(=Because his heart beat fast),he slowed down.由于心跳加快,他减速了。

  7.答案:D)【译文】他的话让我怀疑他的真实意图。

  【解析】动词leave后直接用现在分词或过去分词作宾补。类似的动词还有find,keep等。例如:

  You won't find many students learning Latin now.现在你不会看到很多学生学习拉丁文了。

  When he turned the corner,he found him self tailed by a m an in black.他转弯时,发现自己被一个黑衣人跟踪了。

  They use computers to keep the traffic running smoothly.他们用计算机控制交通,使车辆通行无阻。

  8.答案:A)【译文】这栋房子非常安静,是由于它在山麓上而被隔离开了。

  【解析】根据句子结构,后半句中的主语为it,指代主句中的house,分析它和isolate的关系,应选择过去分词形式。该题中表语isolated被前置。

  9.答案:A)【译文】这种农作物和先前那种有类似的特性,都抗风吹,适应于同一种土壤。

  【解析】分词或分词短语可作解释性修饰语。根据句子结构,空格后通常为以下两种形式:to do sth.或doing sth.,前一种表示目的,后一种表示补充说明、伴随等。

  10.答案:A)【译文】玉米源于"新大陆",直到哥伦布在古巴发现它的种植,玉米才被欧洲所知道。

  【解析】从句意来看,表示"玉米被种植"应用被动语态。being cultivated表示"玉米被发现正种植在古巴",合乎语法要求。

  11.答案:C)【译文】甩卖活动通常在户外进行,那时人们都坐在凳子上、椅子上或者箱子上。

  【解析】with引出的分词独立结构。但seat一词比较特殊,一般用被动形式表主动意义。例如:

  Please be seated.(=sit down)请坐。

  I glanced at the man seated next to me.(=the man who was sitting/was seated next to me)我看了一眼坐在我旁边的那个男人。

  12.答案:C)【译文】这么看来,形势似乎不是那么令人失望。

  【解析】分词作状语。Look和主句主语situation是被动关系,所以用过去分词形式。该分词结构相当于If it is looked at in this way。例如:

  Accused of neglecting our study,my father sent my sister and me to a summer school.由于忽略了我们的学习而受到谴责,我父亲把我和姐姐送到了一所暑期学校。

  13.答案:A)【译文】这项调查表明许多犯罪的发生并未被警方所记录,主要是因为并非所有的受害者都报警。

  【解析】"go+过去分词"构成系表结构。常见的系动词还有get,become等。例如:

  Should a murderer go unpublished?难道凶手应该逍遥法外吗?

  His finger got trapped in the door.他的手指被门夹住了。

  We soon became accustomed to the warmer weather.我们很快就习惯了比较暖和的天气。

  14.答案:B)【译文】无论你走到哪里,都会看到这个产品的广告。

  【解析】过去分词作宾语补足语。product与advertise之间为逻辑上的动宾关系,应用被动语态形式。

  15.答案:B)【译文】由于所有的任务都提前完成了,他们决定度假一周。

  【解析】分词短语作状语。由于主句的谓语动词的动作发生在分词短语所表示的动作之后,所以分词短语要用完成时。

  16.答案:C)【译文】曾经是美国第四大城市的圣·路易斯现在排到了第二十四位。

  【解析】现在分词短语作状语表示动作正在进行,所以若选A)则句子前后矛盾(圣·路易斯已经不再是第四大城市了);B)、D)都是句子,由于该句前后部分没有连接词,且逗号不能用来连接两个句子,因此空格处只能是一个状语。

  17.答案:C)【译文】他没有被任命为委员会的主席,因为他被认为不太受委员会全体委员的欢迎。

  【解析】分词结构作补充说明,表示原因。句中主语和选项中的中心词consider是逻辑上的动宾关系,因此用过去分词;A项不定式表示目的或结果。

  18.答案:A)【译文】对比可能使某物显得比单独看时更漂亮。

  【解析】时间状语从句省略结构,该句如果复原,应为:Contrast may make something appear more beautiful than it is when it is seen alone.句中when属连词,省略it is。

  19.答案:B)【译文】我们离开了会议,很明显,继续逗留没有丝毫意义。

  【解析】句中we left the meeting是主句,逗号后的句子主语与主句句子主语不一致,用独立主格结构。there be的独立结构是there being,表示补充说明或伴随状态。

  20.答案:D)【译文】安娜那时正在阅读一本科幻小说,对外部世界充耳不闻。

  【解析】lost to the outside world表示伴随状态,作补充说明。

  (文/西南石油学院外语系魏夏春;英语通大学英语四级考试版03~04学年第11期;版权归英语辅导报社所有,独家网络合作伙伴新浪教育,未经许可,不得以任何形式进行转载。)




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