本学期末对于重点语法项目定语从句教材又给予了复习,足见定语从句的重要性。在多年的教学实践中,我根据学生容易出现的错误总结为以下几个方面,希望能对每位读者学习定语从句时有所启发,有所借鉴。

　　一、关系代词作从句的主语,从句的谓语须与先行词一致。

　　1)This is the girl who likes playing foot-ball.

　　2)He is one of the boys who love music.

　　3)He is the only one of the boys who loves music.

　　二、先行词已经被关系代词代替,从句中不能再用代词代替它。

　　1)That was the boy whom we liked him.(去掉him)

　　2)The boy who he likes English is Tom.(去掉he)

　　三、在限制性定语从句中,下列情况一般用that作关系代词而不用which。

　　1.先行词是all,everything,nothing,any-thing,much,little,none,few等时。

　　Everything that can be done is done.

　　2.先行词被序数词、最高级或被only,any,few,little,no,all,the very,the one等修饰时。

　　1)This is the best film that I have ever seen.

　　2)This is the second dog that I have raised.

　　3.先行词中既有人又有物时。

　　The writer and his works that we like are there.

　　四、先行词被the same,such修饰时,关系代词用as。

　　Such boys as he said should be punished.

　　五、关系代词作宾语、表语时常可省略,但作主语不可省。

　　The man doesn't like studying can't work hard.(在the man后加who或that)

　　六、在短语介词+关系代词结构中,当这种结构放在定语从句句首作地点状语时,从句往往倒装。

　　短语介词有:in front of,at the foot of,on the top of,in the middle of,at the back of等。

　　They arrived at the house,in front of which stands a big tree.

　　七、先行词是表时间、地点、原因的词,不一定用when,where,why等关系副词引导,要看其在从句中所作成分。

　　1)The place that/which I visited is beauti-ful.

　　2)The reason that/which he gave me is true.

　　八、as,which在非限制性定语从句中可引导整个句子。

　　He passed the exam,which made us happy.

　　As we all know,the earth is round.

　　which引导的句子一般在主句后;而as引导的句子的位置较灵活,且有"正如……"之意。

　　(文/山东张兆仕；英语通高中一年级版2003年第12期；版权归英语辅导报社所有，独家网络合作伙伴新浪教育，未经许可，不得以任何形式进行转载。)