英语中的倒装结构不仅是各类考试的重点,也是我们在阅读理解中正确理解句意的关键,同时也是我们写作增色的措施之一。由此可见,我们有必要掌握其结构和用法。由于倒装结构较多,下面笔者采用一表将其重点内容列出,以使其结构与用法一目了然。

　　一、全部倒装无需助动词

　　here,there,then,in,up,down,off,away等副词开头的句子,用来表示强调。

　　1.副词+谓语+主语。例:

　　Then rang the bell.

　　Here comes the bus.

　　Here come the buses.

　　2.介词短语+谓语+主语。例:

　　A girl stood in front of the house. =In front of the house stood a girl.

　　3.副词+主语+谓语(主语为代词不倒装)。例:

　　Mr Li came in.=In came Mr Li.=In he came.

　　4.表语置于句首,强调表语,或保持句子平衡。(形容词、ed分词、ing分词、介词)+be+主语。例:

　　Present at the meeting was Professor Li.

　　Fastened on the wall was a gun.

　　Hanging behind the door was a skirt.

　　Outside the doctor's were 10 patients.

　　二、部分倒装需要借助助动词副词

　　1.only +副词、介词短语、状语从句,(位于句首时。但only +主语位于句首不倒装)倒装主句。例:

　　Only then did I realize I was wrong.

　　Only at work does he feel happy.

　　Only if he has time will he come here.

　　(Only socialism can save China./Only the boy can work out the problem.)

　　2.hardly,never,scarcely'not,no,little,seldom,not until,in no time等否定词(短语)位于句首时。例:

　　I have never been to London.=Never have I been to London.

　　Seldom does she wear skirt.

　　Not a single mistake did he make.

　　3.so...that中的so或such...that中的such位于句首时(Such+be+主语)。例:

　　He is so busy that he can't attend it. =So busy is he that he can't attend it.

　　Such a nice pen does he has that he likes it very much.

　　4.动词、形容词、名词+as /though的让步状语从句中,倒装从句。例:

　　Though she is pretty,she is not clever.=Pretty as she is,she is not clever.

　　Child as he was,he knew a lot.

　　Try as you would,you might fail a-gain.

　　5.not only...but also连接并列分句时。(连接主语不倒装)前倒后不倒。例:

　　Not only was there no water,but no gas.

　　Not only he but also you saw his watch.

　　6.neither...nor连接并列分句时。(连接主语不倒装)前后都倒装。例:

　　Neither can she use computer,nor can he.

　　Neither you nor I enjoyed his story.

　　7.so位于句首表示前句的内容也同样适用于后一个人或物(只能是肯定句,且前后两句的主语不相同)。so+连系动词/助动词/情态动词+主语。例:

　　She is a teacher.So am I.

　　I can speak French.So can you.

　　He plays the piano.So does her mother.

　　They've known it.So has Miss Yang.

　　8.neither /nor用于句首,表示前句的否定内容也适用于后一句的人或物。(只能用于否定句) neither /nor +连系动词/助动词/情态动+主语。例:

　　He hardly knows about the law.Neither do his par-ents.

　　I wasn't in the long jump.Nor were they.

　　9.在表示强烈的祝愿的祈使句中。例:

　　副词+谓语+主语或May+主语+谓语

　　Long live the People's Republic of China!

　　May you succeed!

　　May our friendship last for good!

　　(文/浙江温州沈永铭；英语辅导报高中教师版03-04学年第18期；版权归英语辅导报社所有，独家网络合作伙伴新浪教育，未经许可，不得以任何形式进行转载。)