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新浪首页 > 新浪教育 > 英语辅导报社专栏 > 语法辅导:情态动词表示“推测、判断”的用法

语法辅导:情态动词表示“推测、判断”的用法
http://www.sina.com.cn 2004/03/17 20:20  英语辅导报

  1.表示对现在或将来情况的推测、判断

  "must+动词原形"用于肯定句中,表示"肯定推测或判断",有"一定"之意。如:

  I have just dropped in on him. He must stay at home.我刚刚拜访过他。他现在一定呆在家里。

  The man must be your head teacher.那人一定是你们的班主任。

  "can/ could+动词原形"用于否定句或疑问句中,表示"否定推测或判断",有"不可能"之意。用can't还是用couldn't没有时态差异,只是用can't的语气比couldn't强。如:

  The boy is honest. He can't lie.那男孩很诚实。他不可能说谎。

  There is no light in the room. She can't be at home now.房间里没有灯光。她现在不可能在家里。

  "may/might+动词原形"多用肯定句形式,其"推测、判断"的语气不确定,用may意为"也许、可能";用might不表示过去式,只表示语气比may还弱,意为"或许,大概"。如:

  If I'm busy, I may not go.如果我忙的话,也许就不去了。

  I thought it might rain.我想可能会下雨。

  2.表示对过去情况的推测、判断

  在上述情态动词后面接"have+done"形式,即可表示推测或判断过去的情况。如:

  The road is wet. It must have rained last night.路上是湿的。昨晚一定下雨了。

  He can't have worked at the office last night, for he had to go to a party at six in the afternoon.昨晚他不可能在办公室工作,因为在晚上六点他得参加一次聚会。

  Tom worked here for two weeks. He may/might have known it.汤姆过去在这儿工作两个星期。他也许/大概知道此事。

  3.表示对现在进行情况的推测、判断

  在上述情态动词后面接"+doing"形式,即可表示推测或判断现在进行的情况。如:

  The girl is not out. She must be doing her homework now.那小女孩没有出门。她现在一定在做家庭作业。

  Ling Ling can't be playing the piano now. She went to the bookshop with her mother a few minutes ago.玲玲不可能在弹钢琴。几分钟前她和她母亲去书店了。

  情态动词表示"推测、判断"的用法专练

  1.-Are you coming to Jeff's party?

  -I'm not sure. I________go to the concert instead.(NMET 2000)

  A.must B.would

  C.shouldD.might

  2.The river is rising. It________last night.

  A.must be raining

  B.must rain

  C.might have rained

  D.must have rained

  3.-Why! I couldn't get you on the phone this morning.

  -We________tennis in the yard when you phoned.

  A.must be playing

  B.could be playing

  C.must have played

  D.must have been playing

  4.You must have seen the film last night,________you?

  A.haven't B.mustn't

  C.didn't D.hadn't

  5.This________be a woman's bag. It must be a man's.

  A.needn't B.can't

  C.may not D.mustn't

  6.________it be John who did it?

  A.Will B.Can C.Would D.May

  7.It rained every day during their holiday, so they________a very nice time.

  A.wouldn't have had

  B.couldn't

  C.can't have had

  D.shouldn't have

  8.Peter________come with us tonight, but he isn't very sure yet.

  A.must B.may C.can D.will

  9.Jenny must have won the match,________?

  A.hasn't she B.doesn't she

  C.mustn't she D.can't she

  10.Mr. Zhuo must be working in the office, ________he?

  A.mustn't B.can't

  C.doesn't D.isn't

  参考答案与分析:

  1.D。由前面的I'm not sure可知肯定语气弱。故选might。

  2.D。由河水现在正在上涨可知昨天夜里下雨了。

  3.D。表示推测在过去某段时间里动作正在进行。

  4.C。表示对过去情况的肯定推测并有表示具体时间的状语时,反意疑问句用didn't。

  5.B。表示否定推测,语气强。

  6.B。

  7.C。表示对过去情况的否定推测。

  8.B。由后面的he isn't very sure yet可知,肯定语气不强。

  9.A。表示对过去情况的肯定推测,没有表示具体的时间状语,反意疑问句用haven't/hasn't。

  10.D。表示对现在正在进行的情况肯定推测时,反意疑问句用isn't/aren't。

  (文/湖南常德市鼎城区六中张金该;英语通高中一年级版03~04学年第1期;版权归英语辅导报社所有,独家网络合作伙伴新浪教育,未经许可,不得以任何形式进行转载。)




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