在历届CET-6作文考题中，论说文体裁占了90%左右，所以说写好论说文显得特别重要。虽然论说文就是摆事实、讲道理的一个过程，但如何使这个论辩过程天衣无缝、滴水不漏，这就需要揣摩其中的规律，纵观CET-6作文考题，考题结构概括起来有四种，本期和下期将对此一一解析。

　　一、My view on...

　　这是一种最基本的论说形式，在现实生活中，人们热衷于讨论许多热门话题，发表自己的观点，考生当然也"有话要说"，CET-6考题中，发表自己的观点、阐述自己的想法的考题形式最多。例如：

　　1.我对"熟能生巧"的理解。

　　CET-4/6 1997.1

　　Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic Practice Makes Perfect. You should write at least 150 words,and base your composition on the outline below:

　　①为什么"熟能生巧"？

　　②在英语学习中……

　　③如……

　　2.我对假冒伪劣商品的观点。

　　CET-4/6 1998.1

　　Directions: For this part,you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic Harmfulness of Fake Commodities. You should write at least 150 words,and base your composition on the outline below:

　　①社会上有不少假冒伪劣商品，为什么会有这种现象？

　　②举例说明假冒伪劣商品对消费者个人、社会的危害。

　　在写这类题目的作文时，注意要开门见山、点明观点。现以"Harmfulness of Fake Commodities"为例。

　　Harmfulness of Fake Commodities

　　Nowadays there are countless fake commodities in the market. There are many reasons for this social phenomenon. But in general,they come down to three major ones.

　　For one thing, producers can profit a lot by making fake commodities because the cost of producing fake commodities is much lower. For another, businessmen can also profit a lot by selling fake commodities. Perhaps the primary reason is that our legal system is not sound and the punishment of illegal producers and businessmen is not severe.

　　Fake commodities do great harm to society. In general,the harms can be listed as follows. First,fake commodities damage the consumers' interests they deserve. If something goes wrong with the fake commodities after consumers buy them, the consumers will not have easy access to various free services provided by the producers. Besides,they also harm the credit of business because consumers will distrust the shops which sell genuine commodities. Worst of all, they will bring about potential dangers because using fake commodities of inferior quality will cause accidents and endanger consumers' lives.

　　Anyway, it is high time that fake commodities were banned.

　　短文分析：

　　第一段：开门见山，指出假冒伪劣商品充斥市场，接着以一个过渡句：There are many reasons for this social phenomenon. But in general,they come down to three major ones.，自然转入第二段。

　　第二段：从造假者和卖假者的角度具体阐述出现假冒伪劣商品的主要原因，并且分析了该现象背后更深层的原因(the primary reason)，这是本文的一大亮点。

　　第三段：从三个方面阐述了假冒伪劣商品对社会的危害：侵犯了消费者的合法权益，损害了合法生产商的良好声誉，危害消费者的生命安全。

　　写作练习：

　　Directions: For this part,you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic Pride on Beauty. You should write at least 150 words,and base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:

　　1.美貌在人们尤其是女孩心目中的位置。

　　2.不要太看重美貌。

　　3.内心的美是最重要的。

　　Pride on Beauty

　　There is an old saying that every one likes beauty, this is quite true. Beauty plays an important role in people's life. (说明女孩心目中的美)①________________________________________________________________________________

　　But never be too proud of your beauty(主题句). (论证该主题句)②________________________________________________________________________________

　　In history,③________________________________________________________________________________

　　In reality,④________________________________________________________________________________

　　Beauty is important, but personal quality is decisive(主题句).(论证该主题句)⑤________________________________________________________________________________

　　参考答案：

　　①If a girl is beautiful, she may be very successful in life and career. To some girls, it may be said that the ultimate goal of life is seek happiness and beauty.

　　②If you are beautiful, you should be moderate. If you are a beauty, you should use it correctly. If you are good-looking, you should guard against others' envy.

　　③there are many lessons that rulers corrupted or died because of favoring beauties.

　　④some beauties just only focus on their appearance,but neglect their study and career so they cannot fulfil their tasks as good as their looks.

　　⑤Beautiful girls should learn more knowledge and skills to improve their qualities so they can have the capacity to succeed.

　　二、Advantages and Disadvantages of...

　　六级考题中常要求考生针对某一事物或某一现象从正反两方面辩证地分析它的优缺点，然后表明自己对该事物或现象的看法。例如：

　　1.运动的积极因素和消极因素。

　　CET-4 1992年6月考题：

　　Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Positive and Negative Aspects of Sports. You should write at least 120 words, and base your composition in the outline below:

　　①运动的积极因素。

　　②运动的消极因素。

　　③我的体会。

　　2.双休日的益与害。

　　The Two-day Weekend(CET-4/6 1996.1)

　　CET-4 /6 1996年1月考题：

　　Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic the Two-day Weekend. You should write at least 120 words, and base your composition on the outline below:

　　①双休日给我们大学生带来的好处。

　　②双休日可能产生的问题。

　　③我应当怎样过双休日。

　　在写此类作文时，注意运用连接词表示优势和劣势的对比。请看"运动的积极因素和消极因素"的对比论说。

　　Positive and Negative Aspects of Sports

　　Sports are conducive to health. First, they stimulate blood circulation. As a Chinese saying goes, "Running water is never stale and a door-hinge never gets worm-eaten". Good blood circulation can prevent disease. Besides, sports help digestion. Is one often takes exercise, he will not suffer dyspepsia. Most important of all, sports make one energetic. One who takes exercise everyday is always full of vigor and will never be languid.

　　However, there are also disadvantages for taking exercise. First, if one takes exercise in the morning, he will sweat but he will have to go to work with wet underwear in a hurry, which is harmful to health. Besides, it is also time-consuming to take exercise. If one takes exercise at regular intervals, he can keep fit but most probably he will lag behind in other fields. Worst of all, if one takes exercise without taking in enough nutrition, his health will run down for malnutrition, which is just the opposite to what he wishes.

　　Admittedly, I found it beneficial to health to take exercise. However, I seldom take exercise all my life. When I was young, I refused to take exercise for lack of nutrition. Now I refuse to take exercise because I cannot afford the time to take a bath after taking exercise.

　　短文解析：

　　第一段：开门见山，给出主题句：Sports are conducive to health.然后从三个方面论证该主题：预防疾病、促进消化、使人精力充沛。而且过渡词语(first/besides/most important of all)的使用使文章结构清晰。

　　第二段：使用过渡词however，承上启下，使本段自然转入中心议题--运动的消极因素，然后举例说明参加运动可能产生的不良后果。本段同样也使用了过渡词first/ besides/ worst of all。

　　第三段：得出结论，但笔锋一转，叙述自己很少参加运动的原因，给人耳目一新的感觉。

　　写作练习：

　　Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Studying Abroad. You should write at least 150 words, and base your composition on the outline below:

　　①留学海外有很多好处。

　　②留学海外会遇到一些问题。

　　③我的态度。

　　Studying Abroad

　　Nowadays, studying abroad gains popularity in China. Many rich parents would rather send their children abroad to receive education than let them be educated in China.

　　As everything has two sides, studying abroad is not an exception. There are advantages for people to attend school abroad. In the first place,①________________________________________________________________________________①益处一________________________________________________________________________________②益处二________________________________________________________________________________Thirdly,③______________________________________________________________________________ ③益处三________________________________________________________________________________Of course, attending schools abroad may bring about a series of problems. The most serious problem is④_______________________________________________________________________________④问题一_______________________________________________________________________________As a result,⑤______________________________________________________________________________⑤由此产_____________________________________________________________________________生的新问________________________________________________________________________________题Besides,⑥_____________________________________________________________________________⑥问题二________________________________________________________________________________

　　Inevitably,⑦________________________________________________________________________________⑦由此产________________________________________________________________________________生的新问________________________________________________________________________________题______________________________________________________________________________

　　Furthermore,⑧________________________________________________________________________________⑧问题_______________________________________________________________________________

　　Therefore,⑨________________________________________________________________________________⑨我的态度________________________________________________________________________________

　　参考答案：

　　①he can use the foreign language in his daily life so that his ability in the second language may be greatly improved, as it is obvious that there is no better opportunity to improve second-language skills than living in the country where it is spoken.

　　②while studying in a foreign country, he will most likely encounter many others from overseas and it is possible to make friends from all around the world. This is not only exciting on a social level, but could lead to important overseas contacts in his career as well.

　　③we can get acquainted with the latest knowledge in science and make use of the first-rate facilities available. In this way, there is every chance that he is able to widen his horizon and broaden his mind.

　　④language barrier. Most of the students who are ready to go abroad do not have adequate proficiency in the language spoken there.

　　⑤on arriving there, they will find it difficult to understand what the instructors say.

　　⑥for lack of knowledge of the customs of the local people, they may constantly run into trouble in dealing with various situations.

　　⑦misunderstandings often arise.

　　⑧the tuition and the cost of living is much higher than that in our country, which may add more burden to their family finance.

　　⑨given an opportunity to attend a school abroad, one must consider both sides of the factors carefully before making up his mind.

　　三、A or B?

　　在现实生活中，我们常面临许多选择，在CET-6写作中，同样也会面临这样或那样的选择，通常，"两者选一"的形式较为常见，考生要根据实际情况，两利相比，选其重；两害相比，选其轻。例如：

　　1.有选择地读书还是博览群书？

　　CET-4/6 1999.6

　　Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Reading Selectively or Extensively. You should write at least 150 words, and you should base your composition on the outline below:

　　①认为读书要有选择

　　②认为应当博览群书

　　③我的看法

　　2.金钱是幸福之本还是万恶之源？

　　CET-4/6 1995.1

　　Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Can Money Buy Happiness? You should write at least 150 words, and base your composition on the outline below:

　　①有些人认为金钱是幸福之本(source of happiness)

　　②另外一些人认为金钱是万恶之源(root of evil)

　　③我的看法

　　3.英语口语考试有必要还是没必要？

　　CET-4/6 2000.6

　　Is A Test of Spoken English Necessary?

　　①很多人认为有必要举行英语口语考试，理由是……

　　②也有人持不同的意见……

　　③我的看法和打算……

　　4.数字会带来好运气还是与运气无关？

　　CET-4/6 1998.6

　　Do Lucky Numbers Really Bring Luck?

　　①有些人认为某些数字会带来运气

　　②也有些人认为数字与运气无关

　　③你的看法

　　在写此类作文时，在文章的结尾处一定要点明自己的观点是A还是B。现以真题为例。

　　CET-4/6 1999.6作文样本：

　　Reading Selectively or Extensively?

　　When it comes to the issue of reading electively

　　or extensively, different people have different opinions. It is held by some people that one should read selectively. But it is also believed by other people that one should read extensively.

　　Those who hold the first opinion think that one's time and energy are limited and one can never read as many books as he wishes. In contrast, those who hold the second view think that to know the world from all perspectives one should absorb a variety of knowledge by reading extensively.

　　As to me, I agree with the former opinion. Admittedly, one can absorb more knowledge by reading extensively, but it doesn't follow that one should read without discrimination. As one's time and energy are limited, one should devote his limited time and energy to reading relevant and beneficial books. It's a waste of time to read irrelevant books. Furthermore, some books are harmful to one's mind. If we don't read books selectively, we will be led astray by harmful books.

　　范文解析：

　　第一段：直接切入主题，简明扼要地表述了人们持有的两种不同的观点。

　　第二段：分别阐述两种不同观点背后的理由，本段的结构很对称，用过渡词in contrast将两种观点连接起来。

　　第三段：用as to me承上启下明确表示了自己的态度：同意前一种观点，紧接着，首先肯定了第二种观点的合理性，随之笔锋一转，指出不加选择地读书也会造成一些不良后果。

　　总之，整篇文章结构清晰、语言流畅、词汇丰富，值得借鉴。

　　写作练习：

　　Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Should Euthanasia Be Legalized? You should write at least 150 words, and base your composition on the outline below:

　　①有人赞成实行安乐死

　　②有人反对安乐死合法化

　　③我的看法

　　　　　Should Euthanasia Be Legalized?

　　Should euthanasia be legalized? Answers to this question vary greatly from person to person.

　　Some people①_______________________________①赞成安乐_______________________________死的观点_______________________________ On one hand,②_______________________________②理由一_______________________________ On the other hand,③_______________________________③理由二_______________________________

　　However, other people think that the legalization may bring about some problems.

　　Firstly,④_______________________________④反对_______________________________观点_______________________________的理由之一Secondly,⑤_______________________________⑤理由之二Finally,⑥_______________________________⑥理由之三_______________________________

　　In my opinion, there's some truth in both arguments.⑦_______________________________⑦我的结论

　　参考答案：

　　①are in favor of the idea of euthanasia.

　　②it can benefit the patient. To a terminally ill person who is suffering unbearable pains day and night or living like a "vegetable", to be allowed to end his life painlessly is a good belief.

　　③it can also benefit the patient's family. To his family it is a heavy burden both financially and emotionally when they make every effort to sustain his life, which, more often than that, will eventually be in vain.

　　④they argue that it is inhumane to make a terminally sick person who doesn't want to die feel guilty of remaining alive.

　　⑤it is also insensible that a patient is killed simply because of a mistaken terminal diagnosis.

　　⑥it is possible that euthanasia could be taken advantage of criminal purpose.

　　⑦It is true that the legalization of euthanasia will arise serious moral and social issues. But without euthanasia, I wonder whether or not doctors can come up with better ways of lessening the pain of the terminally ill patients.

　　四.How to...

　　解决问题的办法往往有好几种，在CET-6作文中，就看你是否能把原因列举清楚并找到解决问题的方法。写此类论说文时，一定要注意避免只分析问题产生的原因而忽略解决问题的对策。

　　1.大学生如何了解社会？(CET-4/6 1997.6)

　　Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Getting to Know the World Outside the Campus. You should write at least 150 words, and base your composition on the outline given below:

　　①大学生了解社会的必要性

　　②了解社会的途径(如：大众媒介、社会服务等)

　　③我打算怎么做

　　2.上大学的费用如何解决？(CET-4/6 2000.1)

　　Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic How I Finance My College Education. You should write at least 150 words, and base your composition on the outline given below:

　　①上大学的费用(tuitions and fees)可以通过各种途径解决

　　②哪种途径适合于我(说明理由)

　　3.如何使我们的城市更加绿化(CET-4 1990.6)

　　Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30minutes to write a composition on the topic Make Our City Greener. You should write at least 150 words, and base your composition on the outline given below:

　　①城市绿化的现状

　　②绿化的好处(如：清洁空气、美化城市、改善气候)

　　③怎样才能实现绿化

　　4.如何在面试中成功？(CET-4 2001.1)

　　How to Succeed in a Job Interview

　　①面试在求职过程中的作用。

　　②取得面试成功的因素：仪表、举止、谈吐、能力、专业知识、自信、事实求是……

　　5.如何克服学英语中的困难？(CET-4/6 1992.6)

　　How I Overcome My Difficulties in Learning English

　　范文样本(CET-4 /6 1997.6)

　　　　Getting to Know the World Outside the Campus

　　With the development of our society, the campus is no longer an "ivory tower" and students can't merely confine themselves to the campus. It's time for them to go out of the campus and know the world outside the "ivory tower". For one thing, it can help students have a better understanding of themselves so that they can modify their ways in studies. For another, it will lay a solid foundation for their future career. Finally, they can enhance their abilities in management, organization and so on.

　　There are many ways for students to get to know the outside world. First, they can know the world from mass media, such as newspapers, TV, radio, magazines and advertisements which provide information about political events, social news, the latest development in science and technology and so forth. Second, they can know the world from social services, such as job-hunting and tutorship, which grant students wide opportunities to know the society. Third, students can also make some investigations in factories and villages, talking with the workers or farmers to learn their experiences.

　　As a student, I think the first thing I should do is to study hard to lay a good foundation for my future job. The other thing I can do is to take some part-time jobs to gain personal experience about the world outside the campus.

　　范文解析：

　　第一段：点明了大学生了解社会的必要性，围绕段首的主题句,用for one thing/for another/finally等过渡词展开论证。

　　第二段：使用first/second/third等过渡词,详细阐述了大学生了解社会的各种途径。在说明过程中使用了三种不同的句式：which引导的定语从句说明大众媒介的功能；用举例的方式解释社会实践的范畴；用现在分词"... talking with..."说明社会调查的方式和意义。

　　第三段：以as a student承上启下阐述了自己的打算。

　　写作练习：

　　Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Problem of Piracy. You should write at least 150 words, and base your composition on the outline given below:

　　1.盗版现象日益严重

　　2.盗版造成的不良后果

　　3.我对抵制盗版蔓延的看法

　　　　　　　　　　Problem of Piracy

　　Nowadays, the problem of①____________________①提出问题____________________For instance,②____________________②进一步说____________________明问题的____________________严重性

　　Piracy has caused a great loss to legitimate producers, inventors and writers in many ways. To start with,③____________________③原因一____________________ What's worse, pirated books④____________________④原因二____________________In the long run,⑤____________________⑤⑥可能给____________________顾客带来的____________________because⑥____________________不利及相关____________________原因

　　In my opinion, it's high time that everyone started the battle against piracy. First,⑦____________________⑦解决方法____________________之一Besides,⑧____________________⑧方法之二____________________Finally，⑨____________________⑨方法之三____________________

　　Only in this way can we wipe the pirated products out of our life.

　　参考答案：

　　　①piracy has become more and more serious. Books, tapes, VCDs and others high-tech products have been pirated.

　　②when a new product comes onto market, most probably, its pirated counterpart will soon put on its appearance in the market, too.

　　③the pirated products often cost much less than the genuine ones so that they enjoy a better trading position in spite of their relatively poor quality. The genuine products, on the contrary, sell poorly.

　　④sometimes, do great harm to the authors'reputation due to some misprints.

　　⑤pirated products may have a negative impact on customers

　　⑥those legitimate producers' creativity and enthusiasm may be deeply hurt by the fact that some customers are more interested in the pirated products for the sake of small gains.

　　⑦customers should develop their consciousness to resist the pirated products.

　　⑧the government should take effective measures to put an end to piracy.

　　⑨laws must be strictly enforced to completely ban piracy.

　　(文/北京大学彭大勇临沂师范学院邢驰鸿；英语辅导报大学二年级版03～04学年第24、25期；版权归英语辅导报社所有，独家网络合作伙伴新浪教育，未经许可，不得以任何形式进行转载。)