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高中英语语法辅导：标点符号与句子结构

http://www.sina.com.cn 2004/04/15 15:40 英语辅导报

　　标点符号虽小，在判断句子结构时，却有着举足轻重的作用。请看下句：

　　玛丽去上学了，汤姆也去了。

　　A：Mary has gone to school.So has Tom.

　　B：Mary has gone to school,and so has Tom.

　　C：Mary has gone to school;so has Tom.

　　由以上例句我们可以看出标点符号对句子结构的影响。下面我们一起看看，句号，逗号和分号的句法功能。

　　一、句号用于陈述句的末尾，表示前面句子的结束。例如：

　　They are all good friends.Each shares another's money.他们都是好朋友。彼此分享金钱。

　　二、逗号用来隔断句子，表示句子的不完整。

　　1逗号用于状语从句之后，主句之前。例如：

　　If you are careful,you will make fewer mistakes.如果你细心的话，就会少犯错误。

　　When I came in，he was reading a newspaper.当我进来的时候，他正在看报。

　　In the beautiful garden,the old lady planted many roses.那位老太太在漂亮的花园里种了很多玫瑰花。

　　2逗号用在主句与非限制性定语从句之间或同位语前后，用来说明前面的名词。例如：

　　He went to France,where he planned to see her.他去法国了，他计划在那儿见她。

　　I asked a boy,who kept silent.我问了一个男孩，那个男孩什么也没说。

　　Shakespeare,the greatest poet of England,wrote many wonderful plays.莎士比亚，英国最伟大的诗人，写了很多精彩的戏剧。

　　3逗号用来隔断复合句，用于连词之前。例如：

　　He has learned Japanese for years, but he doesn't know it.他学日语已有好几年了，却不懂日语。

　　He was tired,so he took a rest.他累了，所以休息了一会儿。

　　He must come back as soon as possible,or I can't wait.他必须尽快回来，否则我就不等了。

　　4逗号用在句子开头的非谓语动词(短语)之后或句末的分词前。例如：

　　To be sure of getting there on time,she left an hour early.为了准时到达那里，她提前一个小时就离开了。

　　He satin a chair,reading papers.他坐在椅子上看报。

　　Seeing the police,the thief began to run away.看到警察，那个小偷就跑开了。

　　Supported by his daughter,the old man came home.这个老人在女儿的搀扶下回家了。

　　三、分号常用于两个关系较为密切的分句之间，尤其用于无连词的句中。例如：

　　The sun was already low in the sky;it would soon be dark.太阳落山了，天快黑了。

　　-When shall we meet next time?我们下次什么时候见面？

　　-Make it any day you like;it's all the same to me.什么时候都行，对我来说都一样。

　　【牛刀小试】请做下列练习，注意标点符号与句子的关系。

　　1.The old man had four sons,all of

　　________ died during the war.

　　The old man had four sons,and all of

　　________ died during the war.

　　The old man had four sons.All of

　　________ died during the war.

　　The old man had four sons;all of

　　________ died during the war.

　　A.them

　　B.which

　　C.whom

　　D.that

　　2.The secretary worked late into the night, ________ a long speech for the president.

　　A.to prepare B.preparing

　　C.prepared D.was preparing

　　3.On Saturday afternoon,Mrs.Green went to the market,________ some bananas and visited her cousin.

　　A.bought B.buying

　　C.to buy D.having bought

　　参考答案

　　1.C，A，A，A 2.B 3.A

　　(文/韩新彦；英语辅导报高中一年级版03～04学年第23期；版权归英语辅导报社所有，独家网络合作伙伴新浪教育，未经许可，不得以任何形式进行转载。)

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