高中英语语法辅导:标点符号与句子结构 |
http://www.sina.com.cn 2004/04/15 15:40 英语辅导报 |
标点符号虽小,在判断句子结构时,却有着举足轻重的作用。请看下句: 玛丽去上学了,汤姆也去了。 A:Mary has gone to school.So has Tom. B:Mary has gone to school,and so has Tom. C:Mary has gone to school;so has Tom. 由以上例句我们可以看出标点符号对句子结构的影响。下面我们一起看看,句号,逗号和分号的句法功能。 一、句号用于陈述句的末尾,表示前面句子的结束。例如: They are all good friends.Each shares another's money.他们都是好朋友。彼此分享金钱。 二、逗号用来隔断句子,表示句子的不完整。 1逗号用于状语从句之后,主句之前。例如: If you are careful,you will make fewer mistakes.如果你细心的话,就会少犯错误。 When I came in,he was reading a newspaper.当我进来的时候,他正在看报。 In the beautiful garden,the old lady planted many roses.那位老太太在漂亮的花园里种了很多玫瑰花。 2逗号用在主句与非限制性定语从句之间或同位语前后,用来说明前面的名词。例如: He went to France,where he planned to see her.他去法国了,他计划在那儿见她。 I asked a boy,who kept silent.我问了一个男孩,那个男孩什么也没说。 Shakespeare,the greatest poet of England,wrote many wonderful plays.莎士比亚,英国最伟大的诗人,写了很多精彩的戏剧。 3逗号用来隔断复合句,用于连词之前。例如: He has learned Japanese for years, but he doesn't know it.他学日语已有好几年了,却不懂日语。 He was tired,so he took a rest.他累了,所以休息了一会儿。 He must come back as soon as possible,or I can't wait.他必须尽快回来,否则我就不等了。 4逗号用在句子开头的非谓语动词(短语)之后或句末的分词前。例如: To be sure of getting there on time,she left an hour early.为了准时到达那里,她提前一个小时就离开了。 He satin a chair,reading papers.他坐在椅子上看报。 Seeing the police,the thief began to run away.看到警察,那个小偷就跑开了。 Supported by his daughter,the old man came home.这个老人在女儿的搀扶下回家了。 三、分号常用于两个关系较为密切的分句之间,尤其用于无连词的句中。例如: The sun was already low in the sky;it would soon be dark.太阳落山了,天快黑了。 -When shall we meet next time?我们下次什么时候见面? -Make it any day you like;it's all the same to me.什么时候都行,对我来说都一样。 【牛刀小试】请做下列练习,注意标点符号与句子的关系。 1.The old man had four sons,all of ________ died during the war. The old man had four sons,and all of ________ died during the war. The old man had four sons.All of ________ died during the war. The old man had four sons;all of ________ died during the war. A.them B.which C.whom D.that 2.The secretary worked late into the night, ________ a long speech for the president. A.to prepare B.preparing C.prepared D.was preparing 3.On Saturday afternoon,Mrs.Green went to the market,________ some bananas and visited her cousin. A.bought B.buying C.to buy D.having bought 参考答案 1.C,A,A,A 2.B 3.A (文/韩新彦;英语辅导报高中一年级版03~04学年第23期;版权归英语辅导报社所有,独家网络合作伙伴新浪教育,未经许可,不得以任何形式进行转载。) |
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