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英语通高三版:跨越“习惯搭配”的误区
http://www.sina.com.cn 2004/04/23 21:17  英语辅导报

  英语句子中词语和词语之间有一定的"习惯搭配",在做英语试题时,我们常常会凭借"习惯搭配"的经验,有时会很容易地选择出正确答案。但有时答案不一定正确,这是因为试题经过巧妙伪装,貌似"习惯搭配",给人以错觉。下面通过对高考试题的举例分析,帮助考生跨越"习惯搭配"的误区。

  1. I agree with most of what you said, but I don't agree with ______. (NMET1997)

  A. everythingB. anythingC. somethingD. nothing

  试题分析:根据试题前面提供的信息:"我同意你所说的大多数",意味着"我不能全部同意",因此选everything切合题意。everything和否定词not连用构成部分否定句。如:

  Not everything is useful.并非每件东西都有用。

  习惯搭配:此题易误选B。当句中有否定词not时,常用anything。如:

  I didn't say anything at the meeting.我在会上什么也没有说。

  2. Some of wheat is from Canada. What about________?(2001年春上海)

  A. anotherB. the otherC. others D. the rest

  试题分析:正确答案为D。如果注意到wheat为不可数名词,则很容易排除A,B和C。the rest既可代替可数名词,也可代替不可数名词,这里用来代替"其余的麦子"。又如:

  The boy was given ten yuan by his mother. He spent six on the books,and the rest on the exercise-books.母亲给这孩子十元钱。他花了六元买书,其余的买了练习本。

  习惯搭配:此题易误选C。前面用了some,后面常用others与之对应。如:

  Some birds will fly to the south,and others will stay with you.有些鸟会飞到南方去,而另一些会与你呆在一起。

  3. Rose was wild with joy________the result of the examination. (2001年春上海)

  A. toB. atC. byD. as

  试题分析:be wild with joy at表示"因……而欣喜若狂"。故答案为B。题意是:罗斯一听(看)到考试结果而兴高采烈。at常表原因,有"一听(看)到……就……"之意。如:

  I'm very glad at the news.听到这个消息,我非常高兴。

  习惯搭配:此题易误选D。as the / a result of表示"由于……的结果"。如:

  As a result of what we saw,we decided to change the rules.鉴于我们所看到的情况,我们决定更改规则。

  4.________most students,she was already well prepared and never came to class late. (1998年上海)

  A. LikeB. As C. For D. To

  试题分析:答案为A。like作介词意思是"像……一样",这里表示"像大多数学生一样"。如:

  Like his father,he has a calm nature.像他父亲一样,脾气很冷静。

  习惯搭配:此题易误选B。as有"作为……"的意思。如:

  As a young person,you should study hard for the country.作为一个年轻人,你应该为国家努力学习。

  5. Mr. Read made up his mind to devote all he had to________some schools for poor children. (2001年上海)

  A. set upB. setting up C. have set upD. having set up

  试题分析:题中he had是定语从句,修饰all。devote...to doing sth.意思是"把……奉献在做某事上",其中to是介词,后面接V-ing形式,故答案为B。又如:

  The teacher devoted his youth to teaching the children in the mountainous area.那位教师把他的青春献给了教育山区的孩子。

  习惯搭配:此题易误选A。have to do sth.意为"不得不做某事"。如:

  We had to go to the city on foot because there was no bus at that time.因为在当时没有客车,我们不得不步行去城里。

  6. -How do you deal with the disagreement between the company and the customers?

  -The key________the problem is to meet the demand________by the customers. (2002年北京)

  A. to solving; making B. to solving; made C. to solve; making D. to solve; made

  试题分析:第二空填made构成过去分词短语作定语?修饰名词demand,意为"满足顾客提出的要求"。第一空填to solving作定语修饰the key,意为"解决问题的关键"。key的意思是"关键",后接"介词to +名词/动名词"作定语。如:

  The key to the settlement of the question(or:to settling the question)lies in detail discussion.解决问题的关键在于详细的讨论。

  习惯搭配:此题易误选D。to既可看作是介词,也可看作是不定式符号。如:

  I don't know the entrance to the station.我不知道去车站的进口。(此句"to"为介词)

  The best way to help him is to ask the doctor for advice.帮助他的最好的方法是向医生请教。(此句"to"为不定式符号)

  7. Charles Babbage is generally considered〓〓〓the first computer. (NMET1993)

  A. to inventB. inventing C. to have invented D. having invented

  试题分析:is considered是被动语态,此题变为主动语态为:People consider Charles Babbage to have invented the first computer,其句型为:consider sb. to do sth.。又因为不定式动作发生在consider之前,要用完成式,故答案为C。

  习惯搭配:此题易误选B或D。consider doing sth.意为"考虑做某事"。如:

  Jim is considering coming to China for a visit.吉姆在考虑来中国参观。

  8. She can't help________the house because she's busy making a cake.(1997年上海)

  A. to clean B. cleaning C. cleanD. being cleaned

  试题分析:试题意思为"因为她忙着做蛋糕,所以她不能帮忙打扫房子。"can't help是"不能够帮忙"的意思,后接不定式,故选A。如:

  They couldn't help to finish the task.他们不能帮助完成任务。

  习惯搭配:此题易误选B。can't help doing sth.意为"情不自禁做某事"。如:

  The girl couldn't help crying when she heard the news.这个小女孩听到这个消息后,忍不住哭了起来。

  9. In that case, there is nothing you can do________than wait. (NMET2000)

  A. moreB. otherC. betterD. any

  试题分析:此题答案为B。other than和否定词no,not或nothing等连用,意为"除……外没有、只有"。如:

  I can do nothing other than smile.我由不得一笑。

  习惯搭配:此题易误选A或C。than前面常用比较级形容词。如:

  His idea is better than yours.他的想法比你的好些。

  10. She set out soon after dark________home an hour later. (NMET1994)

  A. arrivingB. to arriveC. having arrivedD. and arrived

  试题分析:因为"出发"和"到达"不可能同时发生,所以不能用现在分词作伴随状语。故选D。

  习惯搭配:此题易误选A。在句子后面,常跟现在分词短语作伴随状语,此时有逗号与句子隔开。如:

  The man sat on the chair,reading a newspaper.那人坐在椅子上,看报纸。

  11.-Each of the students, working hard at his or her lesson,________to go to university.

  -So do I.(1998年上海)

  A. hopeB. hopes C. hopingD.hoped

  试题分析:答案为B。此题中,working hard at his or her lesson是现在分词短语作定语,补充说明前面的主语each of the students,故后面应选hopes作谓语,其时态与答语"So do I"一致。

  习惯搭配:此题易误选C,以为要用现在分词短语作伴随状语。如:

  He sent me an E-mail,hoping to get further information. (2000年上海)

  12. Excuse me for breaking in,________I have some news for you. (NMET2002)

  A. soB. andC. butD. yet

  试题分析:答案为C。在表示"对不起"时,常用委婉说法"Excuse me,but...或I'm sorry,but...",but后面接完整的句子,but可不必译出。如:

  Excuse me,but are you going to the party?劳驾,你们要去聚会吗?

  I'm sorry,but I disagree with you all.对不起,我和你们大家的看法不一致。

  习惯搭配:此题易误选B。"祈使句+ and +分句",祈使句表示"条件",相当于if引导的条件从句,分句相当于主句。如:

  Come earlier,and you'll meet Mr. Li.(If you come earlier,you'll meet Mr. Li.)早点来,你就会见到李先生。

  13. Is this the reason________at the meeting for his carelessness in his work?(2002年春上海)

  A. he explainedB. what he explained C. how he explained D. why he explained

  试题分析:答案为A。he explained是定语从句修饰the reason。如:

  The reason that you gave to me sounded reasonable.你向我提出的理由听起来合情合理。

  习惯搭配:此题易误选D。在reason后面常接由why引导的同位语从句。如:

  The student explained to the teacher the reason why he was late for class.那位学生向老师解释了他为什么迟到的理由。

  14. She found her calculator________she lost it. (2000年上海)

  A. where B. when C. in which D. that

  试题分析:答案为A。where引导地点状语从句。如:

  You'd better put the tool where it was.你最好把工具放在原来的地方。

  习惯搭配:此题易误选D,因为后面的从句极像是由关系代词that引导的定语从句,但从句多了it(= her calculator)。that可引导定语从句,代替与被修饰的词相同的词,所以从句中不能再有重复该词的词。如:

  This is the pen that you gave me yesterday.这是你昨天给我的钢笔。

  (文/张金该;英语通高三版2004年第3期;版权归英语辅导报社所有,独家网络合作伙伴新浪教育,未经许可,不得以任何形式进行转载。)




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