高中英语应试辅导篇:说长道短话省略 |
http://www.sina.com.cn 2004/04/23 21:23 英语辅导报 |
同学们,你们知道英语中关于"省略"的语法现象吗?在日常生活中,只要不产生歧义,人们往往为避免重复而习惯于应用省略的手段,使得语言简洁、明快.当然,省略的情况五花八门,只有对其常见现象做到心中有数,这样才能有的放矢,应对自如.本文将从省略的三个方面予以剖析,以帮助同学们提高做这类题的应变能力。让我们-- 一、单词省略 1.不定式符号to的省略 ①四看(see,watch,notice,look at),二听(hear, listen to),一感觉(feel),以及let,make,help,还有have之后的作宾补的不定式,但其被动语态中的to不能省略.例如: Though he had made his little sister cry, today he was made to cry by his little sister. ②词组do nothing but...,can't help but...,prefer to do sth. rather than do sth...., would do sth. rather than...,why not....等不定式中的to.例如: Rather than ______ on a crowded bus,he always prefers ______ a bicycle. A.ride;ride B.riding;ride C.ride;to ride D.to ride;riding 注意:在下面四种情形下,为了避免重复,常承前省略不定式后的内容,但要保留不定式符号to. ①作hope,wish,like, want,expect,decide,mean,intend,refuse,try,need等宾语的不定式.例如: -Will the Browns go abroad this summer? -No.They finally decided . A.to B.not to C. not going D.not go ②作tell,ask,want,expect,warn等宾语补足语的不定式.例如: The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street but his mother told him ______ . A.not to B.not to do C.not do it D.do not do ③在某些形容词,如:happy,glad,ready,anxious,eager,willing等后作状语的不定式.例如: -I'll be away on a business trip.Would you mind looking after my cat? -Not at all, ______ . A.I've no time B.I'd rather not C.I'd like D.I'd be happy to ④在某些结构,如:be able to,be going to,be about to,ought to,have to,used to等后作复合谓语的不定式.例如: -Alice,why didn't you come yesterday? -I ______ ,but I had an unexpected visitor. A.had B.would C.was going to D.did 2.表虚拟的名词性从句中should的省略 ①一坚持(insist),二命令(order,command),三建议(suggest,propose,advise),四要求(demand, require, request,ask)后的主语、宾语从句中.例如: Jane's pale face suggested that she ill and her parents suggested that she ______ a medical examination. A.be;should have B.was;have C.should be;had D.was;has ②一个主意(idea),一个计划(plan),一个命令(order),三个建议(suggest, proposal,advice)等后的表语、同位语从句中.例如: The suggestion has been made that the football game ______ put off. A.should B.will be C.be D.has been ③It is necessary(important, impossible,strange, natural, a pity, no wonder) that...主语从句中.例如: It is necessary that the problem ______ at once. A.solves B.should solve C.will be solved D.be solved 3.虚拟条件句中,含助动词,情态动词,动词be或have等,若将它们提到句首,则须省略if。例如: ______ it rain tomorrow ,we would have to put off the visit to the Yangpu Bridge. A.Were B.Should C.Would D.Will 4.连词的省略 ①引导宾语从句的连词that在口语中常常省略,或并列的宾语从句中的第一个连词that也能省略.例如: He said (that)he had come here an hour before and that he had lived in a hotel. ②在定语从句中作宾语,且其前没有介词的关系代词,或先行词为way或time等时,常省略关系代词.例如: Do you still remember the name of the company ______ we visited last month? A.whose B.as C.\ D.where I don't like ______ you speak to her. A.the way B.the way in that C.the way which D. the way of which 二、成分省略 1.在选择疑问句、反意疑问句及一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、反意疑问句的答语中,通常都承前将重复的成分省略。例如: -He hasn't ever been to Dalian, has he(ever been to Dalian)? -No, he hasn't(been to Dalian). Do you like studying Chinese or(do you like studying)English? 2.在时间、条件、地点、让步、方式等状语从句中,若谓语为be,主语同主句主语一致或主语为it时,常省略主、谓语.需要注意的是,谓语为实意动词时,若其与省略的主语间为主谓关系时,则用现在分词;若为动宾关系,则用过去分词。例如: Please send for a doctor as soon as(it is)possible. If ______ the same treatment again, he's sure to get well. A.give B.giving C.given D.being given 三、替代省略 1.think,believe,suppose,expect,imagine,hope等与so连用,替代肯定的宾语从句;与not连用,替代否定的宾语从句。例如: -Do you think it's going to rain over the weekend? - ______ . A.I don't believe B.I don't believe it C.I believe not to D.I believe not 2."So / Nor(Neither)+谓语+主语"这种句型是用来替代前面提到的情况,表明它也适用于后者。例如: -I don't think I can walk any further. - ______ . Let's stop here for a rest. A.Neither am I B.Neither can I C.I don't think so D.I think so (文/何仁义;英语通高二版2004年第3期;版权归英语辅导报社所有,独家网络合作伙伴新浪教育,未经许可,不得以任何形式进行转载。) |
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