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新浪首页 > 新浪教育 > 《英语文摘》杂志 > “克隆”食物惹争议

Safety of Food from Clone under Debate
http://www.sina.com.cn 2004/05/18 13:41  英语文摘

  The U.S. Food and Drug Administration is in a quandary1 over cloned animals. The agency tentatively2 concluded in late October that meat and milk from cloned animals is safe to eat, elating3 farmers who are developing clones of cows and other creatures. But almost immediately, one of the FDA’s advisory committees sharply questioned the conclusion and the science behind it.

  In evaluating food from cloned animals, the agency outlined two approaches in October.

  One approach, it said, compared clones at different stages of life to healthy conventional animals to determine whether they appear the same. The second and more rigorous approach could involve tests on the meat and milk of clones.

  When the FDA concluded that cloned animals appeared to be safe to eat, critics noted that the agency seemed to rely almost exclusively on the first approach.

  “Most of the things we evaluate for safety, we can identify what the hazard might be,” said Stephen Sundlof, director of the FDA’s Center for Veterinary Medicine4. “When you’re talking about cloning, it’s very different because we have not been able to identify a particular hazard.”

  Joseph Mendelson, legal director for the nonprofit Center for Food Safety, called the FDA’s draft report “bizarre”5 for its lack of research. “Healthy animals equal safe food. I agree with that on some level,” Mendelson said. “But we don’t know if these animals are healthy. What if they appear healthy, and there’s some metabolic6 difference that’s caused by a genetic defect? They don’t have those studies.” -

“克隆”食物惹争议

  美国食品和药物管理局在克隆动物上陷入两难境地。10月底,该局试验性地作出结论:从克隆动物身上获取的肉、奶制品食用安全。这一结论让喂养克隆奶牛和其它动物的农场主们欢欣鼓舞。但几乎同时,该局的一个咨询委员会就对此结论及其科学依据提出了尖锐的质疑。

  为评估从克隆动物身上获取的食物的安全性,该局10月份拟出了两种测试办法。

  第一种办法是对比克隆动物和健康的常规动物在不同生命阶段的生长状况,从而确定它们是否一致。第二种更缜密的办法可能包括对克隆动物的肉、奶制品的测试。

  当食品和药物管理局宣布克隆动物看起来食用安全时,批评者指出该局几乎只是根据第一种办法的试验结果得出了此结论。

  该局兽医中心主任斯蒂芬·松德勒夫说,“对于我们评估安全的很多食物,可以判断其危险可能是什么。但如果与克隆有关的话,那就截然不同了,因为我们还无法鉴定出某种特定的危险。”

  非营利性组织食品安全中心的法定负责人约瑟夫·门德尔松称,食品和药物管理局的报告草案因缺乏研究而显得“怪诞”。他说:“ 健康的动物意味着安全的食物,在某种程度上我同意这种说法,但是我们并不了解这些动物是否健康。如果它们看似健康,但却存在由基因缺陷引起的新陈代谢环节的差异的话,将会发生什么情况?他们并没有这类的研究。”

  (张学琼 译自 Chicago Tribune Dec. 1, 2003)




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