英语辅导报高三版:略谈“not”用法种种 |
http://www.sina.com.cn 2004/06/23 10:39 英语辅导报 |
我们都知道not是一个否定副词,但在具体语言环境中并非一律译成"不"。在此将not常见的用法做以归纳,以供大家参考。 1. not通常与be动词、助动词、情态动词连用以构成否定,常略作-n't。如果否定非谓语动词(不定式、动名词、分词),则置于非谓语动词之前。如: They are not (aren't) here. Did she see him? No, she didn't. He warned me not to be late. Not allowed to work, he got very angry. 2. not用在动词think、suppose、believe、expect、hope、seem等,副词probably、perhaps等,及词组be afraid等后面,代替that引导的表示否定意义的从句。如: -Will they come tomorrow? -I suppose not.(=I suppose they will not come tomorrow.) -Will it rain this afternoon? -Probably not.(=Probably it will not rain.) -May I come in? -I'm afraid not. (=I'm afraid you can't.) 注:如果是肯定回答,则一般用so代替that引导的表示肯定意义的从句。 3. not与all、both、every、always、entirely等连用时可表示部分否定。如: All is not gold that glitters. 闪光的未必都是金子。 Every person cannot do it. 并非每一个人都能做到这一点。 He is not always so kind to people.他并非总对人那么友好。 注:表示全部否定时,常用none、no、neither、never、 nowhere等,或者not与any、anything等连用也可表示全部否定,另外all、both、every等和带in-,un-,dis-等否定前缀的词连用时,也表示全部否定。如: I know none of them. 他们中我一个人也不认识。 I don't know any of them. 我不认识他们中任何一个人。 All your answers are incorrect. 你的答案都不对。 4. 在主从复合句中,not一般根据需要对主句或从句进行否定。如: He didn't say he would come. 他没说他要来。 He said he wouldn't come. 他说他不来了。 但表示看法的常用动词think、believe、suppose等后接宾语从句,或表示感觉的词语appear、seem、feel、feel like、look as if、sound like等后接从句时,这些从句如表示否定意义,一般将not放在主句中,这是英语的习惯用法。如: I don't suppose that she will be back soon. 我想她不会很快回来。 It doesn't seem that we can win. 看来我们赢不了。 It doesn't look like rain. 看来不会下雨。 I don't feel I can stand it any longer. 我觉得再也受不了了。 (文/周兰;英语辅导报高三版2003-2004学年第47期;版权归英语辅导报社所有,独家网络合作伙伴新浪教育,未经许可,不得以任何形式进行转载。) |
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