一、句子翻译

　　(一) 词义的选择

　　1. In the sunbeam passing through the window there are fine grains of dust shining like gold.

　　2. He had lied to me and made me the fool of his wicked deeds.

　　3. In general, her novel deals with simple folk on farms and in small towns which are never far from the sea.

　　4. The theory is completely abstract instead of being based on more or less practice.

　　5. Jim was an aggressive engineer who did his job quite well.

　　(二)词义的引申

　　1. The invention of machinery had brought the world into a new era- the Industrial Age. Money had become king.

　　2. Not a day did he spend without having some unpleasantness with his wife.

　　3. Perhaps the only trouble with copper is that it is not hard enough for some uses.

　　4. He has a good job, but with six children his life is not a bed of roses.

　　5. Britain has no such natural protection from a flood of Hollywood products.

　　(三)无生命主语句的译法

　　1. A visit to the places where he had lived and worked during his youth brought back many fond memories.

　　2. Shortness of time has required the omission of some states.

　　3. In the world today, one of the most serious problems we are faced with is pollution.

　　4. The complexity of the road map puzzled the truck driver.

　　5. But the houses were cold, closed, unfriendly.

　　(四)重复译法

　　1. Let's first begin to revise our safety and sanitary regulations.

　　2. For about a good twelve hours, we've been praising our teachers and our school.

　　3. If you need any more money, you must get some out of the bank; there is hardly any in the house.

　　4. They have been talking of stiffer sentences for criminals, of bringing back the death penalty and how the President is cleaning up the country.

　　5. They would be very reluctant to postpone or cancel the meeting.

　　(五)否定句的译法

　　1. All international disputes must be settled through negotiations and the avoidance of any armed conflicts.

　　2. I don't teach because I think I know answers, or because I have knowledge I feel compelled to share.

　　3. There was scarcely a family but had at least one relative among the wounded.

　　4. Not many of things are of use in the form in which they are found.

　　5. Both the baskets are not made of stainless steel.

　　(六)比较句的译法

　　1. Mary told us the inner story softly, more to herself than to us.

　　2. I could no more do that than you.

　　3. This edition is not more expensive than the old edition.

　　4. Nothing is more precious than time, yet nothing is less valued.

　　5. She is old enough to know better than to spend all her money on clothes.

　　(七)省略句的译法

　　1.That year the Chinese yuan bought more, and the U.S. dollar less.

　　2. My mother was weeping again but this time with pleasure and love.

　　3. Even if coming by the subway, you'll need 45 minutes to get there.

　　4. It is a book that should be on every public library shelf and our readers will wish to see that it is.

　　(八) 定语从句的译法

　　1. People who cannot distinguish between colors are said to be color-blinded.

　　2. The young man with whom I traveled could speak English.

　　3. He is the only one among us that knows French.

　　4. The bicycle the brake of which was damaged has now been repaired.

　　5. We must know such symbols as are used to represent chemical elements.

　　6. They hired two boats in which they came up to the source of the river.

　　7. He didn't have any hope of success, as she thought.

　　8. More American troops are being sent to the Middle East, as I have learnt from the newspaper.

　　9. Mechanical energy is changed into electric energy, which in turn is changed into mechanical energy.

　　10. Metal has many useful properties, of which strength is the most important.

　　11. They know the hours when restaurants put their leftovers in the garbage cans where they search for food.

　　12. There is a man downstairs who wants to see you.

　　13. I know the day when he arrived.

　　14. There are some cases where this rule doesn't hold good.

　　15. Good clocks have pendulums which are automatically compensated for temperature changes.

　　16. There are nothing that interested him at the show.

　　17. An automatic production line is excellent for the automotive industry where thousands of identical parts are produced.

　　18. Electronic computers, which have many advantages, cannot carry out creative work and replace man.

　　19. Matter has certain features or properties that enable us to recognize it easily.

　　20. He would be a rash man, who should venture to forecast the results of this event.

　　21. We have to oil the moving parts of the machine, the friction of which may be greatly reduced.

　　22. There was not a single student in our class but learnt a lot from him.

　　23. Not a day went by but brought us good news.

　　24. The boy has eaten more food than is good for his health.

　　25. That evening he drank more beer than had been his custom.

　　(九)长句的译法

　　1. I have to believe that in some strange way she learned as much from her moment of defeat as I did, because several years later, when I had finished school and proudly accepted a job as a newspaper reporter, she had already been a journalist with our hometown paper for six months.

　　2. Little by little, we are becoming more and more isolated from each other. It is almost impossible to talk to your neighbor about his job, even if he is engaged in roughly the same work as you are.

　　3. We realized that they must have become unduly frightened by the rising flood, for their house, which had not sound foundations, would be almost submerged by the flood.

　　4. In other words, men enter "female" jobs out of the same consideration for personal interest and economic necessity that motivates anyone looking for work.

　　5. Both men reflect confidence and willingness to wait for what they regard as the inevitable turn of events in favor of peaceful settlement.

　　二、 段落翻译

　　(一)

　　Victorian England was the first society to constantly gather statistics on itself, and generally these figures were a source of unabashed (泰然自若的) pride. Beginning in 1840, however, one trend worried the leading thinkers of the day: there were increasingly more single women than men. By 1851, the number of single women of marriageable age was reliably put at 2,765,000-and a large proportion of these women were the daughters of the middle and upper classes.

　　(二)

　　When Americans and Europeans discuss environmental problems, they are not particularly concerned because they assume problems are in distant regions of the world, or far in the future. This is a mistaken attitude. In reality, if man does not protect his environment, he will destroy it. We simply cannot afford to leave solutions until the last minute, or to turn a blind eye to our world's plight.

　　(三)

　　In some cultures friendship means a strong life-long bond between two people. In these cultures friendships develop slowly, since they are built to last. American society is one of rapid change. Studies show that one out of five American families moves every year. American friendships develop quickly, and they may change just as quickly.

　　(四)

　　For millennia (几千年) man has exploited and often destroyed the riches of the land. Now man covets (妄想,贪求) the wealth of the oceans, which cover nearly three-quarters of the earth. But the scramble for minerals and oil, for new underwater empires, could heighten international tensions and set a new and wider stage for world conflict.

　　(五)

　　The Royal Society (英国皇家学会) in Britain includes among its members only the most eminent scientists in the country. Yet it is highly disconcerting to find that even here, as one of its fellows put it, at a lecture only 10% of the members can understand 50% of what is being said!

　　(六)

　　The other thing to be avoided is clinging to youth in the hope of sucking vigor from its vitality. When your children are grown up they want to live their own lives, and if you continue to be as interested in them as you were when they were young, you are likely to become a burden to them, unless they are unusually callous (冷漠无情的,无动于衷的). I do not mean that one should be without interest in them, but one's interest should be contemplative and, if possible, philanthropic, but not unduly emotional. Animals become indifferent to their young as soon as their young can look after themselves, but human beings, owing to the length of infancy, find this difficult.

　　参考答案

　　一、句子翻译

　　(一) 词义的选择

　　1. 在射入窗内的阳光里,细微的尘埃像金子一般闪闪发亮。

　　2. 他欺骗了我,使我成了他罪恶勾当的工具。

　　3. 一般来说,她的小说写的都是滨海农庄和小镇里的淳朴的农民。

　　4. 这个理论完全是抽象的,而不是或多或少建立在实践的基础之上。

　　5. 吉姆是个有进取心的工程师,他工作干得很出色.

　　(二)词义的引申

　　1. 机器的发明使世界进入了一个新纪元--工业时代,金钱成了主宰一切的权威.

　　2. 他没有一天不和妻子发生争执的.

　　3. 就某些用途来说,铜的唯一缺点也许是硬度不够.

　　4. 他有一份好工作,可是他有六个孩子,日子并不好过.

　　5. 英国没有这种天然的保护来阻挡好莱坞影片长驱直入.

　　(三)无生命主语句的译法

　　1. 他重游自己青年时代曾经工作和学习过的地方,不禁回忆起许多美好的往事.(主语转译成谓语)

　　2. 由于时间不够,他不能访问某些国家.(主语转译成状语)

　　3. 在当今世界上,污染是人类面临的最严重的问题之一.(表语转译成主语)

　　4. 复杂的道路交通图,使这位卡车司机不知所措.(译成汉语的兼语式结构)

　　5. 然而那些房子冷漠无情,门窗紧闭,一点也不友好.(拟人化译法)

　　(四)重复译法

　　1. 让我们首先来修改一下我们的安全规则和卫生规则吧.

　　2. 整整有12个小时之久,我们一直在赞美我们的老师们,赞美我们的学校.

　　3. 假如你还需要钱,那你就得到银行把钱取出一些,家里没有多少钱了.

　　4. 他们一直在谈论对罪犯要从严惩处,谈论要恢复死刑,谈论总统将如何彻底消除全国的犯罪现象.

　　5. 他们不太愿意推迟这个会议或取消这个会议.

　　(五)否定句的译法

　　1. 一切国际争端应通过谈判而不是武装冲突来解决.

　　2. 我之所以教书,不是因为我认为自己能够解答问题,也不是因为我有满腹学问,觉得非与别人分享不可.(否定成分转译)

　　3. 没有一户人家不是至少有一个亲人受伤的.

　　4. 许多东西并非在它们处于被发现的形式时就是有用的.

　　5. 这两个篮子并非都是不锈钢造的.

　　(六)比较句的译法

　　1. 玛丽向我们悄悄说了其中的内幕,与其说是在对我们说话,不如说是在自言自语.

　　2. 你不能做这件事,我也不能做.

　　3. 新版本不比旧版本更贵.

　　4. 最宝贵的莫过于时间,而最不值钱的也是时间.

　　5. 她长大了,不会无知到把所有的钱都花在衣服上.

　　(七)省略句的译法

　　1. 那一年人民币的价值提高,而美元的价值降低.

　　2. 我母亲又哭了,但是这一次她是因为高兴和爱而哭.

　　3. 即使乘地铁来,你也要花45分钟才能到达.

　　4. 这是一本在每个公共图书馆书架上都应有的书,我们的读者都希望如此.(原文在it is后省略了on every public library shelf)

　　(八) 定语从句的译法

　　1. 分不清颜色的人是色盲.

　　2. 同我一起旅行的那个年轻人会说英语.

　　3. 他是我们当中唯一懂法语的人.

　　4. 那辆坏了闸的自行车现在已经修好了.

　　5. 我们必须知道那些用以表示化学元素的符号.

　　6. 他们租了两条船,乘船来到了那条河的源头.

　　7. 他没有任何成功的希望,而她却认为他有.

　　8. 我从报纸上获悉,更多的美国部队正在被派往中东.

　　9. 机械能可转变成电能,而电能又可转变成机械能.

　　10. 金属有许多有用的性能,其中强度最重要.

　　11. 他们知道饭店什么时候将剩饭倒进垃圾桶,他们在那里寻找食物.

　　12. 楼下有人要见你.

　　13. 我知道他到达的那一天.

　　14. 在某些情况下这条规则不适用.

　　15. 好钟的钟摆可以自由补偿温度变化造成的影响.

　　16. 展览会上没有什么东西使他感兴趣.

　　17. 自动生产线最适用于汽车工业,因为那里要生产成千上万个同样的零件.

　　18. 虽然电子计算机有很多优点,但它不能进行创造性的工作,代替不了人.

　　19. 物质具有一定的特征或特性,所以我们能够很容易地识别各种物质.

　　20. 如果他竟然冒险预言这次事件的后果的话,他将是个鲁莽的人.

　　21. 我们必须给机器的运转部件加油,以便使摩擦大大减少.

　　22. 我们班上每一个学生都从他那里学到很多东西.

　　23. 我们每一天都能接到好消息.

　　24. 那个男孩吃得太多,对身体不好.

　　25. 那天晚上他啤酒喝得比平常多.

　　(九)长句的译法

　　1. 我不得不相信的是,她不可思议地从失败中学到的东西竟与我学到的一样多,因为几年后,我大学毕业,自豪地受聘担任报纸记者时,她已在

　　我们家乡的报社当了六个月的记者了.

　　2. 渐渐地,人们相互之间的交往变得越来越少了.你简直不可能同你的邻居交谈工作上的事,哪怕他的工作与你的相差不多.

　　3. 我们看得出,上涨的洪水一定使他们怕极了;他们的房子没有很好的地基,几乎就要被洪水淹没了.

　　4. 换句话说,男人干起了"女人干的工作",其动机同任何找工作的人一样,既出于个人的兴趣,也出于经济上的考虑.

　　5. 两人都认为事态不可避免地会朝和平解决这方面发生变化,他们对此既满怀信心,又表示愿意等待这种变化的到来.

　　二、段落翻译

　　(一)

　　维多利亚时期的英国是世界上第一个经常统计自身各种数据的国家.一般来说,这些数据是英国人赖以自豪的源泉.然而从1840年开始,当时的英国主要思想家们被一个倾向困扰着:单身妇女数量日益超过单身男子.到了1851年,婚龄单身妇女的数量已经达到276.5万人之多--其中的大部分都是中上阶层的女儿.

　　(二)

　　欧美人谈起环境问题,并不十分关注.因为他们认为这是在遥远的将来或是在遥远的国度里的事.这样的态度不对.其实,人类如果不保护自己的环境,就会毁灭环境.我们绝不能临渴掘井,更不能对全世界面临的这种困境熟视无睹.

　　(三)

　　有些文化中,友谊意味着两个人之间的一种牢固的终身关系.在这些文化中,友谊发展很慢,因为他们的友谊是为了持久而培养起来的.美国社会是一个急速变化的社会.有研究表明,美国家庭中,每年有1/5的家庭要搬家.美国人的友谊来得快,可能去得也快.

　　(四)

　　几千年以来,人类不断地开发和经常破坏陆地上的财富.而现在人类则又渴望觊觎占地球四分之三面积的海洋里的财富了.可是,为矿物和石油以及水下控制权而进行的争夺会加剧世界紧张局势,并为世界冲突提供新的、更大的场所.

　　(五)

　　英国皇家学会的会员都是国内最优秀的科学家.然而,令人感到不安的是,正如皇家学会的一位会员所指出的那样,在皇家学会所举行的任何一次讲座中,只有百分之十的会员能够听懂所讲内容的百分之五十.

　　(六)

　　应当避免的另一件事是过分地纠缠年轻人不放,希望从他们那里获取活力.儿女们一旦长大成人,他们便以自己的方式生活.如果你一味地像过去他们年幼时那样去关心他们,那么你很可能成为他们的负担,除非他们是完全无动于衷的人.我不是说一个人对儿女不必关心,但每个人的关心应当三思,要是可能的话,关心应当是博大仁慈的,切莫过分感情用事.年幼的动物一旦能够独立,成年动物就不会再去关心它们;而人类由于婴儿期太长而很难做到这一点.

　　(文/刘军显　陈于全　王连升　英语辅导报大学一年级版03~04学年第38期;版权归英语辅导报社所有，独家网络合作伙伴新浪教育，未经许可，不得以任何形式进行转载。)