【编者按】大学生朋友们，你们是否有同感在过关六级考试中，短文改错是一项不好应付的内容呢？别急，下文会从该题型的测试内容着手，教你两招！

　　【招式一】要有扎实的英语基础知识,即丰富的词汇用法、习语及常用搭配和句子结构知识。

　　【演练一】

　　Many students trying to increase their effective reading speed become discouraging

　　S1 　　

　　when they find that if they try to race through a passage faster, they fail to take in what they have read. In the end, they have been so busy"to read faster"S2　 　

　　but they cannot remember what the passage is S3　 　

　　about. The problem here is that the material they are practising is either too difficult for

　　S4 　　

　　them in vocabulary or content, nor not sufficiently

　　S5 　　

　　interesting. We hope that the passages in this course material will be both interesting as well as fairly easy, but you should also practise asS6 　　

　　much as you can in your own time.　Read things you like reading. Go to the subject catalogue in the library. Biography, sport, domestic science, the cinema... . There is bound to be some area that interests you and which you can S7 　　

　　find books of about your level of ability or just below. If you want a quick check on how difficult a book is, read through three or four pages out of random. If there are, on average,

　　S8 　　

　　more than five or six words on each page that are complete new to you,then the book is

　　S9 　　

　　not suitable for reading-speed improvement. Incidentally, you should try to read three or four times as much "light" speed reading material like you do close, S10　　

　　slow textbook work. You cannot achieve a permanent improvement in your reading speed if most of the time you are practising reading slowly.

　　【解析】

　　S1. discouraging→discouraged。过去分词discouraged,表"……使某人感到失望、泄气"。

　　S2. to read→reading。习惯用法是be busy doing sth.。

　　S3. but→that。此句的整体结构是表示结果的so...that...句型。

　　S4. 在practising后加上on,指they are practising on the material...。根据文意,材料不是练习的宾语,而是状语"用材料练习阅读"。

　　S5. nor→or,构成either...or...结构。

　　S6. as well as→and。因为both...and...是固定搭配。

　　S7. 在which前加上in。in which相当于in the area you can find...。

　　S8. out of random→at random。

　　S9. complete→completely,副词才能修饰形容词。

　　S10. like→as。like是介词,不能直接跟句子,此处要用从属连词as引导句子。

　　【招式二】要想提高判断语言错误的能力,考生要通过大量的阅读来增强语感,提高理解能力。六级改错中有些错误是严格地受上下文内容限定的,只有完全理解上下文文意,悟出上下文的语义和承接关系才能找出错误。

　　【演练二】

　　We are all familiar to the sound patterns S1 　　

　　of speech and music.　But what are the characteristics of noise? Generally, we classify as noise any sound that is agreeable to the ear or S2 　　

　　that interferes with our hearing of desirable sounds. The din of a lawn mower is certainly noise, but so is the music from a radio and the

　　S3　 　

　　sound from a TV set when they prevent normal conversation.

　　What effect does noise have to our lives?

　　S4 　　

　　It has been demonstrated that prolonged, high-level noise has pronounced physiological and psychological effects. A person who is exposed with loud noises will exhibit constriction of

　　S5　 　

　　blood vessels in the skin, and increased heart rate. Psychological distress can also result in

　　S6　 　

　　high-level noises: A person can become annoyed, irritable, and subject to emotion

　　S7　 　

　　disorders. Exposure for long periods of time to noises that produce these effects can make some people less likely to have heart attacks

　　S8　 　

　　and strokes(中风).

　　These physiological effects are all in addition for partial loss of hearing. Probably half of

　　S9　 　

　　the population of the United States has suffered some impairment of hearing as the direct result for exposure to excessive noise levels.

　　S10

　　【解析】

　　S1. to→with。基本句型sb. is familiar with sth.和sth. is familiar to sb. 。

　　S2. agreeable→not agreeable。从该句的内容看,应是否定含义。

　　S3. is→are。因为该倒装句的主语有两个:the music from a radio 及 the sound from a TV set。

　　S4. to→on。动词短语have effect on表"对……有影响"。

　　S5. with→to。构成be exposed to固定结构。

　　S6. in→from。 从上下文及本句的内容看,此处须用result from(由……产生……结果), result in意为"导致、造成"。

　　S7. emotion→emotional。此处须用形容词修饰名词。

　　S8. less→more。

　　S9. in addition→in addition to。be all in addition to应理解为"一起(共同)造成……"。

　　S10. for→of。as the result of..."由于……的结果"。

　　另外,要在有限的时间内完成一定的题量,考生还必须有一定的速度,因此掌握改错题的解题步骤显得格外重要。

　　1.快速通读题干。改错的题目是以短文的形式出现的,因此在做题之前,应该快速通读全文,了解文章的大意,掌握文章的走向。

　　2.仔细阅读短文,逐句进行分析。在了解短文的大意之后,就应当对题目设定错误的行进行分析判断。在判断的时候,不应局限于有错误行的本身,而是对该行所在的完整的句子进行分析。

　　3.回读短文,检查所改正的部分。

　　值得一提的是,在考试过程中,考生还必须注意:1)在阅读和分析的时候,不要以行为为单位,而应当以句子为单位。原因很简单,以行为为单位进行分析容易割断上下文的联系,导致分析的片面性。2)在分析时态是否正确时,应考虑整篇文章的时态。3)养成检查的习惯,因为很多句子的判断依赖于对文章内容的把握,务必留出检查的时间。4)一般来说,考题中改的地方多,增、删较少,所以对于增、删的地方要再三斟酌。

　　总之,只有自己不犯错误,才能发现和纠正错误。要想有效地提高改错应试能力,考生必须踏踏实实地打好英语基础,即掌握英语语法,记住大量词汇和固定搭配,并通过大量阅读来提高理解能力和表达能力,从而在改错题部分获取高分。

　　(文/胡春华；英语通大学英语六级考试版 03～04学年第3期； 版权归英语辅导报社所有，独家网络合作伙伴新浪教育，未经许可，不得以任何形式进行转载。)