社会知识阅读理解材料常向读者介绍各种社会现象的利弊,如通过对儿童演员、善意谎言、"do it yourself"等社会现象利弊的讨论可以让读者在了解各种社会现象的基础上,增强对社会现象进步与否的判断能力.社会知识阅读理解材料还向读者介绍解决社会问题的方法,如对解决交通拥挤、停电、灾难、恶性案件等社会问题的报道,可让读者在了解各种社会问题解决方法的基础上想社会所想,急社会所急,为社会出谋划策解决各种社会问题,并增强社会责任感,树立成才后为人类谋福利作贡献的崇高理想。

　　一、常见社会知识阅读理解题型分析与应对方法

　　(一)社会事业发展原因判断题

　　有些社会问题,如交通问题、环保问题、就业问题、旅游问题等,长期以来得不到圆满解决,于是出现了专门解决这些问题的新兴事业,如出租汽车服务公司、环保检测监控中心、就业培训中心、旅游知识介绍中心等,因此解决社会问题阅读理解试题中常出现新兴事业发展原因的判断题,这些试题常用以下句型:...is growing so fast mainly due to ______ . / What is the reason for the fast development of...? / ...is developing very fast because _______ .这些设问方式考查考生对社会事业发展原因的准确判断能力。

　　应对方法揭秘:解题时应充分认识到解决社会问题及事业发展的最强大动力来自于人民的需要和兴趣。

　　(二)解决社会问题方法示意图判断题

　　这种试题的设问方式是:Which of the four pictures below is the closest to the way described in the text? / Which picture best explains the way introduced in the text?要求考生从4幅图中挑选一幅最符合原文方法介绍的图。

　　应对方法揭秘:解题时应认真阅读分析原文所介绍方法的程序和步骤,寻找每一幅图的不同之处,并做出正确判断.

　　(三)社会问题发生、持续和结束时间判断题

　　社会知识问题阅读理解材料常介绍地震、交通事故、停电等不幸事故的发生过程,这些社会事件的发生都有其发生、发展、高潮和结局,因此常出现社会问题发生、持续和结束时间判断题,这些试题的设问方式是:How did the earthquake (traffic accident/fire/power failure) happen? / When did the earthquake (traffic accident / fire / power failure) end? / How long did the earthquake (traffic accident / fire / power failure) last?此类试题考查考生对社会问题发生、持续和结束时间的正确判断能力。

　　应对方法揭秘:解题时应认真阅读分析每个动作所发生的时间背景,通过已知时间推算所需时间。

　　(四)社会现象利弊讨论结果判断题

　　不少阅读理解材料讨论社会现象的利弊,引导人们对这些社会现象有正确认识,因此常出现社会现象利弊讨论结果判断题,这些试题的设问方式是:What is the advice given in the text? / Which of the following best describes how the writer feels about it? / What is the right attitude towards this phenomenon?

　　应对方法揭秘:解题时应认真阅读分析原文,吃透作者的写作意图,从而把握对特定社会现象应持的态度。

　　二、高考题例(NMET2001 A篇)

　　Shanghai: Car rentals(出租) are becoming more and more popular as an inexpensive way of taking to the roads. Business people, foreigners and families alike are making good use of the growing industry.

　　The first car rental firm opened in Shanghai in 1992 and now 12 car rental players are in the game, with more than 11,500 cars on their books.

　　The largest player-Shanghai Bashi Tourism Car Rental Center offers a wide variety of choices-deluxe sedans, minivans, station wagons, coaches. Santana sedans are the big favorite.

　　Firms can attract enough customers for 70 percent of their cars every month. This figure shoots up during holiday seasons like National Day, Labor Day and New Year's Day, with some recording 100 percent rental.

　　The major market force rests in the growing population of white-collar employees(白领雇员), who can afford the new service , said Zhuang Yu, marketing manager of Shanghai Angel Car Rental Co.

　　1. The words "deluxe sedans," "minivans" and "station wagons" used in the text refer to ______ .

　　A. cars in the making B. car rental firms C. cars for rent D. car makers

　　析: C。这些词汇是被列举的例子来说明上海出租汽车服务中心可提供的汽车种类,因此这些词汇代表可供出租的汽车。本题是一道逻辑推断题,解题关键在于运用逻辑推断法由例词被列举的目的推断出例词含义。本题说明,解决交通问题的汽车出租业发展火爆。

　　2. Which of the following statements is true according to the text?

　　A. 70% of the cars can be rented out on holiday.

　　B. 70% of the customers are white-collar employees.

　　C. More firms are open for service during holiday seasons.

　　D. Some firms rent out all their cars during holiday seasons.

　　析: D。原文第四段原句:This figure shoots up during holiday seasons like National Day, Labor Day and New Year's Day, with some recording 100 percent rental.此句表明答案为D。本题是一道细节判断题,解题关键在于运用直接就题找文法。本题说明解决交通问题的汽车出租业发展前景广阔。

　　3. Shanghai's car rental industry is growing so fast mainly due to ______ .

　　A. better cars supplied by producers

　　B. fast service offered by car rental firms

　　C. the increasing number of white-collar employees

　　D. people's growing interest in travelling during holidays

　　析:C。因为原文第五段有原句:The major market force rests in the growing population of white-collar employees. 这是一道社会事业发展原因判断题,解题关键在于明白解决交通问题的汽车出租业发展的最大动力来自于人们的极大关注。

　　(文/郝昌明；《 英语通》高二版 03~04学年度第5期；版权归英语辅导报社所有，独家网络合作伙伴新浪教育，未经许可，不得以任何形式进行转载。)