英语辅导报高中一年级版:备考 while |
http://www.sina.com.cn 2004/08/02 10:43 英语辅导报 |
先看高考题: 1. She thought I was talking about her daughter,________, in fact, I was talking about my daughter.(NMET95) A. whomB. where C. whichD. while 分析:从句子结构分析上看,题干是一个并列句,因此应用并列连词,不是定语从句,也不是状语从句,排除A、B、C、因此答案为D。while此处用作并列连词,引导并列句,着重强调上下文的一种对比关系,意为"而……"。 2.-I'm going to the post office. -_____ you're there, can you get me some stamps? (NMET99) A. As B. While C. BecauseD. If 分析:从语境分析上看,是让对方在去邮局时帮忙买些邮票,考查的是时间状语从句的引导词;前面说话者已说明要去邮局,不存在假设问题,故排除D; 本题考查的也不是原因状语从句的引导词,故排除C。as引导时间状语从句时,意为"一边……一边……",而此处引导词的意思是"在……期间",故只能用While, 答案B。同样是while, 所起的作用和表示的意义却不一样,在我们课本中也多次出现while一词,用法和意义同样有差异: New Zealand has a mild sea climate, while the north is subtropical. (U18) While there are many different interpretations of our body language, some gestures seem to be universal.(U21) 综上所述,while是一个富于变化的词,用法不可忽视: 一、while用作连词时,主要表示以下意义: 1. 引导时间状语从句,意为"在……期间;当……时候(during the time that)",相当于when,从句中一般用延续性动词或表示状态的结构。例如: The little boy fell asleep while the teacher was giving the lesson. 老师上课的时候,这个小孩睡着了。 I made a few friends while I was in New York. 在纽约期间,我交了几个朋友。 2. 引导时间状语从句,意为"与……同时(at the same time)",从句中也一般用延续性动词或表示状态的结构。例如: While the students were busy reading and writing, the teacher went to the office to get a book. 学生在不停地读和写时,老师到办公室去拿书。 3. 引导并列句,意为"而……",着重强调上下文的一种对比关系。例如: I drink black coffee while he prefers it with cream. 我喝纯咖啡而他喜欢加奶油的。 4. 引导让步状语从句,意为"虽然,一方面……",相当于although。例如: While I agree that there are some problems, I don't agree that they cannot be solved. 尽管我承认有问题存在,但我不同意这些问题不能解决的说法。 二、while 用作名词,当"一段时间"讲(a period of time),如: for a while (minute) (动作或状态)持续了"一会儿";in a while (minute), "一会儿之后",一般用于将来时;once in a while (=occasionally) "间或,偶尔",多用于一般现在时。 三、while引导时间状语从句且主从句主语一致时,可省略从句的主语和系动词,出现如下形式:while+doing/介词短语等。例如: He fell asleep while (he was) watching TV. The writer began to write while (he was) in prison. 四、while, when和as的区别: 三个词都可用来引导时间状语从句,但有一定区别: while和when引导时间状语从句,当"在……期间"讲,即表示时间的"一段"时,两者可互换,但如果表示瞬间的动作,即时间的"一点"时,只能用when,不能用while。例如: While /When I was busy writing, he entered. (表示时间的"一段") When he entered, I was busy writing. (表示时间的"一点") 另外,when引导时间状语从句表示主句和从句的动作同时发生时,在不同的语境中可有不同的理解,如"当……时候,既然……,这时突然……"等,这时也不能用while代替,需仔细体会。例如: Why did you walk when you could drive to the station? 既然可以开车去车站,你干吗步行? I was coming downstairs when I remembered that I had locked my key inside.我下楼的时候突然想到把钥匙锁在屋里了。 as 在引导时间状语从句时,当"一边……一边……"、"当……时候"或"随着……"讲,强调两个动作同时发生,且要求前后时态一致。例如: He was looking through a magazine as he was waiting for the train.他一边等火车一边翻阅杂志。 (文/刘景田;英语辅导报高中一年级版 03~04学年第46期; 版权归英语辅导报社所有,独家网络合作伙伴新浪教育,未经许可,不得以任何形式进行转载。) |
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