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unit 17 Great women

http://www.sina.com.cn 2004/10/11 10:52 新浪教育

　　注意词义的引申

　　英语单词词义的一个显著特点就是它的流动性。教材词汇表或英汉词典只是给出单词一般性的概括和定义，我们在阅读时还需结合具体语境对词义作不同程度的引申，得出符合上下文情境的确切含义。如：

　　Quietly, the graying of America has made us a very different society. 词典一般将gray解释为“灰色的；灰白的”，我们可以从这一基本含义出发，将graying引申为“老龄化”这一新的含义。

　　把握词义的引申是阅读理解不可缺少的技巧。要能熟练地做到这一点，我们首先要深入领会词的基本含义，多了解一些构词知识，同时还要善于结合上下文，恰当地运用近义扩展、类比、抽象和具体相互转化等手段，从词的基本含义出发进行词义的引申。

　　Passage A

　　阅读理解

　　“The pen is more powerful than the sword (剑).” There have been many writers who use their pens to fight things that were wrong. Mrs Harriet Beecher Stowe was one of them.

　　She was born in the U.S.A. in 1811. One of her books not only made her famous but has been described as one that excited the world, and was helpful in causing a civil war and freeing the slaves. The civil war was the American Civil War① of 1861, in which the Northern States fought the Southern States and finally won. This book that shook the world was called Uncle Tom's Cabin.②There was a time when every Englishspeaking man, woman, and child had read this novel that did so much to stop slavery (奴隶制度). Not many people read it today, but it is still very interesting, if only to show how a warmhearted writer can cause people's sympathies (同情). The author herself had neither been to the Southern States nor seen a slave. The Southern Americans were very angry at the book, which they said did not at all represent the true situations of the states, but the Northern Americans were wildly excited over it, and were so inspired by it that they were ready to go to war to set the slaves free.

　　Of course, there were many things that made the Civil War happen. Yet, Uncle Tom's Cabin surely played an important part. Stowe met President Lincoln in 1862. As Lincoln took her hand, he said, “So you are the little woman who started the big war.”

　　根据文章内容，选择正确答案：

　　1. The text wants to tell us____ .

　　A. every Englishspeaking person has read Uncle Tom's Cabin

　　B. Uncle Tom's Cabin was liked by slave owners

　　C. those who don't speak English cannot have read Uncle Tom's Cabin

　　D. the book Uncle Tom's Cabin did a great deal in the American Civil War

　　2. How old was Mrs Harriet Beecher Stowe when her worldfamous book was published?

　　A. About sixty years old.B. Over fifty years old.

　　C. Probably in her forties.D. Around twenty years old.

　　3. What can we learn from the text?

　　A. We don't need weapons to fight things that were wrong.

　　B. A writer is more helpful in a war than a soldier.

　　C. We must understand the importance of literature and art.

　　D. No war can be won without such writers as Mrs Harriet Beecher Stowe.

　　难句注释

　　① the American Civil War 美国内战(1861-1865)，是林肯领导美国人民进行的一场反对奴隶制度的国内革命。

　　Total words:264

　　Reading time:____

　　Reading speed: ____

　　② Uncle Toms Cabin 《汤姆叔叔的小屋》，又译作《黑奴吁天录》和《汤姆大伯的小屋》，评论界认为本书在启发民众的反奴隶制情绪上起了重大作用，被视为美国内战的起因之一。

　　Passage B

　　阅读理解

　　Florence Nightingale① was born in a rich family. When she was young she took lessons in music and drawing, and read great books. She also travelled a great deal with her mother and father.

　　As a child she felt that visiting sick people was both a duty and a pleasure. She enjoyed helping them.

　　At last her mind was made up. “I am going to be a nurse.” she decided.

　　“Nursing isn't the right work for a lady.” her father told her.

　　“Then I will make it so.” she smiled. And she went to learn nursing in Germany and France. When she returned to England, Florence started a nursing home for women.

　　During the Crimean War② in 1854, she went with a group of thirtyeight nurses to the front hospitals. What they saw there was terrible. Dirt and death were everywhere to be seen and smelled. The officers there did not want women to tell them how to run a hospital, either. But the brave nurses went to work.

　　Florence used her own money and some from friends to buy clothes, beds, medicines and food for the men. Her only pay was in smiles from the lips of dying soldiers. But they were more than enough for this kind woman.

　　After the war she returned to England and was honored for her services by Queen Victoria. But Florence said that her work had just begun. She raised money to build the Nightingale Home for nurses in London. She also wrote a book on public health, which was printed in several countries.

　　Florence Nightingale died at the age of ninety, still trying to serve others through her work as a nurse. Indeed, it is because of her that we honor nurses today.③

　　根据文章内容，选择正确答案：

　　1. When she was a child Florence____.

　　A. liked to travel very much

　　B. knew what her duty in life was

　　C. loved to help sick people

　　D. was most interested in music and drawing

　　2. During the Crimean War in 1854, Florence served in the front hospital where ____.

　　A. she earned a little money

　　B. work was very difficult

　　C. few soldiers died because of her work

　　D. she didn't have enough food and clothes

　　3. The best title for the passage will be____ .

　　A. The Life Story of a Famous Woman

　　B. A Description of the Nursing Work

　　C. An Example of Successful Education

　　D. The History of Nursing in England

　　难句注释

　　①Florence Nightingale 佛劳伦斯?南丁格尔，英国人，世界护理业的创始人。

　　②the Crimean War 克里米亚战争(1853—1856)，

　　Total words:291

　　Reading time:____

　　Reading speed: ____

　　是俄国与其同盟国(英、法、土和撒丁王国)争夺近东统治权的战争。

　　③Indeed, it is because of her that we honor nurses today.

　　实际上，正是因为她我们今天对护士才特别地尊敬。

　　Passage C

　　阅读理解

　　Tony Morrison has won this year's Nobel Prize for Literature.① Tony Morrison is sixtytwo years old. She was born in Lorain, Ohio. She is the daughter of farmers who moved to Ohio from the southern state of Alabama. She studied at Harvard University in Washington D.C. and Cornell University in Ithaca, New York.

　　Her first success came in 1970 with the book called The Bluest Eye. It tells the story of a young black girl in a society where golden hair and blue eyes are considered beautiful. Her next book was called Sulla. It tells the story of two black girls and pain in their lives as they grow up in a small town in Ohio. Her book The Song of Solomon is about a black man who tries to forget his past as a slave and begin a new life. And Tar Baby explores the relationship of a black man and a black woman. In the story the writer argues that black men and women can not get along with each other until they join together to fight racial hatred(种族仇视).

　　Miss Morrison won Americas highest prize for literature, the Pulitzer Prize② in 1988 for her book Beloved.It is a powerful story of a slave woman who kills her baby daughter so she will not grow up to be a slave, too. Her latest book Jazz was published last year. It tells about the sad stories in the lives of a black man and woman who moved from a small town in the south to New York City. It took place in the 1920s, a time when Jazz music became popular in America.

　　Tony Morrison is a professor in literature at Princeton University in New Jersey. She says the most wonderful thing about winning the Nobel Prize is that it has finally been awarded to an AfricanAmerican writer. The prize is valued at more than 800,000 dollars. It will be awarded on Dec.10 in Stockholm in Sweden.

　　根据文章内容，选择正确答案：

　　1. From the passage, we can see____ .

　　A. Morrison is the first woman writer to win the Nobel Prize

　　B. The Bluest Eye tells the story of two black girls

　　C. The Blacks lived a hard life

　　D. Morrison studied at Cornell University and is now still working there

　　2. Morrison has been awarded the Nobel Prize perhaps because____ .

　　A. she is an important professor in literature

　　B. her books are widely read

　　C. what she has written attracted people's attention to the Blacks life

　　D. she mostly writes about the black women

　　3. How many books she has written are mentioned in the passage?

　　A. Five.B. Six.

　　C. Seven.D. Eight.

　　4. Which of the following IS NOT mentioned in the passage?

　　A. Morrison's father once lived in Alabama.

　　B. When jazz was popular in the United States.

　　C. When her ancestors first came to the U.S.

　　D. When and where the Nobel Prize will be given to her.

　　难句注释

　　① Nobel Prize for Literature 诺贝尔文学奖

　　② the Pulitzer Prize 普立策奖，是美国摄影界的最高荣誉，代表着美国新闻摄影界成就的顶峰。

　　Total words:330

　　Reading time:____

　　Reading speed: ____

　　Passage D

　　完形填空

　　People used to say, “The hand that rocks the cradle (摇篮) rules the world.” and “Behind every successful man there is a woman.”

　　Both these 1 mean the same thing. Men rule the world, 2 their wives rule them.

　　3 of the American women like making their husbands and 4 successful, but some of them want 5 for themselves. They want 6 jobs. When they work, they want to be better 7 . They want to be as 8 as men.

　　The American womens liberation (解放) movement was started by women who don't want to stand 9 successful men. They want to stand 10 men, with 11 chance for success. They don't want to be told that 12 jobs or offices are 13 to them. They 14 to work side by side with men who do the same work for a 15 pay.

　　A liberated woman must be 16 of being a woman and have confidence in 17 .① If somebody says to her “You have come a long 18 ”, she will 19 and answer, “Not nearly as far as I'm going to 20 ,② baby.”

　　This movement is quite new, and many American women agree. But it has already made some important changes in women's lives — in mens lives, too.

　　根据文章内容，选择正确答案：

　　1. A. termsB. ideas C. sayingsD. phrases

　　2. A. or B. because C. so D. but

　　3. A. Each B. Most C. None D. Few

　　4. A. sons B. children C. daughtersD. friends

　　5. A. much B. more C. less D. little

　　6. A. easy B. good C. light D. difficult

　　7. A. attended B. watched C. workersD. paid

　　8. A. rich B. free C. successfulD. good

　　9. A. behind B. before C. above D. with

　　10. A. over B. beside C. below D. before

　　11. A. more B. the same C. betterD. good

　　12. A. all B. either C. no D. certain

　　13. A. closed B. open C. offeredD. limiting

　　14. A. hope B. refuse C. like D. have

　　15. A. good B. lower C. bad D. better

　　16. A. sorry B. dreaming C. proud D. tired

　　17. A. others B. pay C. herself D. work

　　18. A. way B. time C. trip D. delay

　　19. A. think B. smile C. nod D. regret

　　20. A. come B. start C. arrive D. go

　　难句注释

　　①...have confidence in herself.对她自己有信心

　　②Not nearly as far as Im going to go. 我还远没有达到我的目标。

　　这是一个省略句，补充完整即为：I have not nearly gone as far as Im going to go

　　Passage A

　　本文介绍了比彻?斯托夫人的小说《汤姆叔叔的小屋》对美国历史的发展所起的重要作用。

　　1. D. 根据是第二段第二句话“(the book) was helpful in causing a civil war and freeing the slaves.”。

　　2. C. 根据推算，美国内战爆发时她刚好50岁。书出版于内战前，即她还不到50岁。

　　3. C. 根据第一句话“The pen is more powerful than the sword.”，作者告诉我们不要低估文学艺术的作用。

　　Passage B

　　南丁格尔为开创世界护理业做出了巨大贡献，被后世誉为现代护理教育的奠基人。世人为了表示对她的崇敬与敬仰，把她的生日5月12日作为国际护士节。

　　1.C. 从文中第二节可知。

　　2.B. 从文章第六段“What they saw there was terrible.”这句可知。

　　3.A. 文章的主题是介绍南丁格尔的生平。

　　Passage C

　　本文简要介绍了诺贝尔文学奖获得者美国黑人女作家Tony Morrison的生平及其主要作品。

　　1. C. 根据Morrison所写的所有书的介绍，黑人们都过着艰难的生活。

　　2. C. 根据Morrison所著书中的黑人都有着悲惨的命运，可推知她的书所产生的效应。

　　3. B. 文中总共提到了六本她写的书。

　　4. C. 选项A、B、D分别可在文章第一段、第三段、第四段找到依据。

　　Passage D

　　本文讲述了美国妇女解放运动问题，就传统观念和美国妇女要求男女平等，尤其是就业机会、成功的事业和同工同酬等问题上提出了一些看法。

　　1. C. 由第一段语境可知，这是两个俗语。term“术语；措辞”；phrase“短语”；idea“思想；念头”，均不符合题意。

　　2. D. 此处语意有转折，故应选but。

　　3. B. 根据传统观念，应为妇女中大多数有此想法。

　　4. A. 希望使丈夫和儿子成功。

　　5. B. 由下文可知，这一些妇女则冲破了传统观念，提出了更多的要求。

　　6. B. 要求有好工作。

　　7. D. 有工作的妇女要求得到很好的报酬。

　　8. C. 并希望与男子一样事业有成。

　　9. A. 与第一段中“Behind every successful man there is a woman.”相呼应。

　　10. B. 想要与男子“并列而站”，表示“男女平等”。

　　11. B. 事业上有一样多的成功机会。more与better出现了差距，不适宜。

　　12. D. 某些工作或部门拒绝妇女参加。certain在这里是 “某些；某一”的意思。

　　13. A. closed意为“关闭的；排除在外的”，引申为“拒绝接受妇女工作”。

　　14. B. 根据上下文可知，妇女们反对同工不同酬，要求同工同酬。

　　15. D. 只有D才能体现出不同酬。男子干同样的工作却得到丰厚的报酬。

　　16. C. be proud of “以……为骄傲”。解放了的女性以作为妇女而自豪。

　　17. C. 对自己充满信心。

　　18. A. 成语come a long way，意为“make great progress(有很大的改善、提高；取得了很大进步)”。

　　19. B. 这位妇女则笑答。

　　20. D. not nearly“远非”，这句意为“远未达到我们要求的程度呢！”

　　1. They refuse to work side by side with men who do the same work for a better pay. 她们拒绝与同工不同酬的男子并肩工作。(Line 11, Passage D)

　　work side by side 并肩工作。英语中这类结构还有很多，常见的有：

　　fight shoulder to shoulder 并肩作战sit back to back 背靠背坐着

　　meet face to face 面对面碰上see eye to eye 意见一致

　　go hand in hand 密切相关walk arm in arm 挽臂同行

　　communicate heart to heart 诚心地交流

　　2. Not nearly as far as Im going to go. 还远未达到我们要求的程度呢！(Line 15, Passage D)

　　常用短语as far as 有如下几层意思：

　　(1)远至；直到。如：

　　The children walked as far as the lake. 孩子们一直走到湖边。

　　(2)就……而言；从……来看。如：

　　As far as I know, he didnt attend the meeting.

　　据我所知，他没参加这个会议。

　　(3)尽……所能。如：

　　I will help you as far as I can. 我将尽可能地帮助你。

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