英语辅导:“自相矛盾”的动词不定式的表白 |
http://www.sina.com.cn 2004/10/19 08:57 英语辅导报 |
[表白一]我的"真面目":to+动词原形,to属代号,无实义,有时要求省略。我"为人随和",没有人称和数的变化,例如to live。否定形式在to前加not,例如not to spit in public places。 [表白二]我的"基本个性":具有动词的特点,可以有自己的状语,如是及物动词还可带宾语,一起构成"不定式短语",例如to study English well。 [表白三]我的"真实本领":我虽不能作谓语,但具有名词、形容词和副词的特征,在句中可以作"主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补语",本领可大了!今天在此向同学们露"几招",展示一下我的"风采",你们可要认真学习啰! 一、作宾语:我天生讨"人"喜爱,下列及物动词"爱我作宾语没商量",如want, decide, refuse, afford, hope, wish, expect, plan, remember, forget, would like等等。例如:(1) We have planned to travel to Hainan next week. (2) He never refuses to help others. 特别点击:在复合宾语结构中常用it作形式宾语,而真正的宾语则由我来承担,例如:I find it interesting to play chess. 二、作宾语补足语:我"助人为乐",常来补充说明宾语"大有作为",但"to"不能"随心所欲"。 1.当谓语动词是ask, tell, want, teach, show, invite, encourage, allow时,to请"上 座",例如:(1) Lin Tao invited Jim to have dinner on Mid-autumn Day. (2) My teacher always encourages me to work hard. 2. 当谓语动词是一"感"(feel)二"听"(hear, listen to)三"使"(make, have, let)和四"看"(see, watch, notice, look at)时,to请"让座",但变成被动语态后to不能省略,例如:We often hear her sing in English.→She is often heard to sing in English by us. 三、作状语:我"服务热情",常在come, laugh, cry, go, run, stop等不及物动词后作状语,"各有千秋"。 1. 说明动作的"目的"。例如:When I saw the wallet on the ground, I stopped to pick it up. 2. 说明动作的"原因"。例如:We sang and danced to hear the good news. 3. 说明动作的"结果"。例如:He worked hard to catch up with the others in his class. 特别提醒: 1. 下列句型中的"我"作状语,须牢记在心头:(1)too+adj./adv.+to do sth和adj./adv.+enough+to do sth中"我"作结果状语;(2)be+adj.+to do sth中"我"作原因状语。例如:(1)The boy is too young to go to school. (2)I'm sorry to hear that you haven't passed the exam. 2. "我"有时修饰整个句子。例如:He started the Cousteau Society to help protect life in the sea. 四、作定语:我"要求严格",常来修饰名词或代词作定语并"后置"。例如:(1)I have lots of work to do. (2) I would like something to eat. 在逻辑上,"我"和被修饰的词是动宾关系,如果是不及物动词,则请介词先生"助一臂之力"。试比较:(1)I have a letter to write. (vt.) (2) I have no pen to write with. (vi.) 五、疑问词和"我""齐心协力,并肩战斗",成为新时代的"开拓者",可作tell, know, show, teach, decide, learn等及物动词的宾语。 例如:Mr. Zhou showed us how to play the computer.即可改成这些疑问词引导的定语从句Mr. Zhou showed us how we could play the computer. 我的其它本领(如作主语和表语)下次再教给你们吧!下面请同学们根据我教的"招式"训练。(2003年部分省市中考试题动词不定式部分选登) (____)1. Can you show me________an e-mail?(福州市) A. send B. how to send C. what to send D. to send (____)2. -There is a ticket on the floor, is it yours? -Oh, yes, it's mine. -Let me________for you.(湖北黄冈) A. to pick up it B. to pick it up C. pick up it D. pick it up (____)3. Bill's mother often tells him________spend too much time playing computer games.(河南省) A. not to B. to not C. don't D. doesn't (____)4. I'll be sorry________Kunming. I've enjoyed living here.(昆明市) A. to leave B. to live in C. to say in D. to visit (____)5. -Hi, Peter. Why are you in such a hurry? -________the 7:30 train.(南昌市) A. Catch B. To catch C. Catching D. Caught (____)6. If you don't feel well, you may just________.(河北省) A. stopped reading B. stop reading C. stopped to read D. stop to read (____)7. Listen! Can you hear a baby________?(山西省) A. cry B. to cry C. crying D. cries 参考答案: 1-7 BDAABBC (文/周国荣;英语通2004年第8期;版权归英语辅导报社所有,独家网络合作伙伴新浪教育,未经许可,不得以任何形式进行转载。) |
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