新浪首页 > 新浪教育 > 为了13亿人的教育 > 李岚清:实施素质教育的关键在于领导

Li Lanqing on Character Education(I)
http://www.sina.com.cn 2004/11/16 12:11  外研社

  Interviewer: You have pointed out that schools cannot carry out character education in an all-round way on their own. What requirements have you set in this regard?

  Li Lanqing: The key to character education resides with leadership. Leaders at all levels must take a forward-looking attitude and act well ahead of time to foster correct concepts of education, talent and character, and deepen their understanding of the necessity and urgency of character education. They should become champions and pioneers of character education. Some local leaders, however, are doing just the opposite: they put pressure on schools to raise their enrollment rates by alternating promises of economic incentives or promotions with threats of economic penalties or demotions. During my fact-finding tours of some localities, the mere mention of education would prompt a local leader to talk about how many Olympics prizes their students had won. Winning prizes is certainly a good thing, but if you set your eyes only on awards, then your direction becomes problematic. In raising educational quality you must set your eyes on all the students, and do all you can to promote their all-round development, raise teaching standards, improve classroom buildings and the learning enviroment, buy more equipment and facilities, improve teaching methods and approaches, strengthen school leadership and tighten school supervision, and improve the social environment. During recent years all levels of government have contributed a great deal toward solving problems in teachers?housing, salaries and other benefits, and especially to the issue of teachers not on government payrolls, thereby playing an important role in stabilizing the ranks of teachers and inspiring teachers to become more active. They need to keep doing all these things effectively. Government at all levels should also guarantee education funding, coordinate educational resources of various departments and communities, support education reform, and be impartial in evaluating school performance according to the nation education principle. Only by doing well in all of these fields can the principles be carried out and the quality of education comprehensively raised.

  Our employment system has a guiding role to play in carrying out character development, and overhauling this system is of paramount importance. Effecting sweeping changes in the system and in the traditional concept of talent will provide a forceful impetus for converting examination-oriented education toward character education. We must rectify the general tendency to single-mindedly and blindly run after high test scores, with disregard for national conditions and the reality of education. We know that in many developed countries, academic performance is not the only criterion for competent people. In recent years, increasing importance is being attached to people comprehensive character: other factors besides IQ are also highly valued. When hiring people, businesses and government departments make a point of conducting interviews, and are particular about candidates?general qualities and special skills, academic background being only one of the factors under consideration. As a matter of fact, many exceptional people do not necessarily have an impressive academic background.

  Given China conditions, we do want large numbers of high-level professionals with special knowledge; we also need high-caliber office workers and ordinary workers by the hundreds of millions. The introduction of a reserve labor force system and an employment system that provides workers with training prior to work assignments has played an important role in vocational education and job training. In this regard, it is necessary for education departments at all levels to work together with personnel, labor and social security departments to institute a system under which employment certificates have an equal degree of importance as academic certificates. Traditional concepts of talent need to change, and a healthy public environment should be fostered that values character and real ability when employing people. When testing and hiring new workers, personnel departments must pay attention to educational background, but not as the only criterion. Quoting an old saying, the idea is to let heaven send down men of all the talents without being confined to one archetype? People with one type of skill or another should be given an equal chance in competition. Allow our students to be confident and enthusiastic about their present studies and life, and be ambitious and hopeful for tomorrow society and work. Let every youngster find a role to play in tomorrow’s society.

李岚清:实施素质教育的关键在于领导

  记者:您指出全面实施素质教育只靠学校是远远不够的。在这方面您提出了哪些具体要求?

  李岚清:实施素质教育,关键在领导。各级领导要高瞻远瞩, 走在时代的前面, 树立正确的教育观、人才观和质量观,深刻认识实施素质教育的必要性和紧迫性。要成为推行素质教育的倡导者和先行官。有些地方的领导同志对学校只顾加压提高升学率,甚至采取经济奖惩或人事升迁等手段来达到这一目的, 实属不当。 我到一些地方去调查研究,一谈教育问题, 当地负责人就先向我介绍奥林匹克竞赛拿了多少奖。得奖是好事,但只着眼于得奖, 恐怕指导思想就有问题。提高教育质量,眼睛要看着全体学生,要在促进学生的全面发展上下功夫,在提高师资水平、改善校舍环境、充实仪器设备、改进教学手段和教学方法、加强学校领导班子和学校管理、改善社会大环境这些方面下功夫。近几年,各级政府在解决教师住房、工资待遇、民办教师等问题上,做了许多工作,对稳定教师队伍、调动教师积极性起了很好的作用。今后这些方面的工作还要继续抓紧抓好。各级政府还应保障教育投入,统筹协调各部门、社区的教育资源,支持教育改革,按照党的教育方针的要求全面评价学校的办学行为。只有做好了上面这些工作,才能真正做到全面贯彻教育方针,全面提高教育质量。

  社会用人制度对于实施素质教育有着重要的导向作用。改革用人制度是全面推进素质教育的当务之急。全面改革社会用人制度,转变传统的人才观念,将有力地促进从“应试教育”向素质教育的转变。脱离中国国情和教育实际,片面和盲目追求高学历的倾向应当予以纠正。我们知道,许多发达国家,选拔人才并不惟学历是用,尤其是近年来,越来越注重人的综合素质,就是重视所谓“智商”以外的因素。它们的企业、政府机构录用新人,必须面试,用人条件注意全面素质和特长,学历只是选拔的因素之一。事实上,许多优秀人才并不一定有显赫的学历。

  从我国的实际情况出发,我们既需要大量学有专长的高级专门人才,也需要数以亿计的、高素质的、在普通岗位上的工作人员和劳动者。例如,推行劳动预备制度,坚持实施“先培训、后上岗”的就业制度,就对职业教育和就业培训起到了重要作用。在这方面就需要各级政府教育部门与人事、劳动和社会保障部门共同协调配合,在全社会实行学业证书、职业资格证书并重的制度。要转变传统的人才观念,在全社会形成使用人才重素质、重实际能力的良好风气。人事部门考核、录用新职工,要做到既讲学历,又不惟学历,“不拘一格降人才”。要给有才能的人以平等的竞争机会,使学生对今天的学习和生活充满自信和热情,对明天的社会和工作充满理想和希望,使每一个青少年都能在将来的社会中找到自身发展的出路和岗位。

  本文节选自《为了13亿人的教育》(Education for 13 Billion)一书,是对前国务院副总理李岚清的访谈录。本书的英文版经北京外国语大学、外文局、中央编译局的专家翻译,十几位外国专家润色,即将由外语教学与研究出版社出版。本书的英文翻译很值得学习和借鉴,同时素质教育也是大家共同关心的热门话题,有很强的现实意义。


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