英语动词有两种语态，即主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者， 被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。由于英汉两种语言的差异， 在主动语态变为被动语态时,有些同学常常出错。下面向大家介绍一种把主动语态变为被动语态的简便方法， 即“一变、二套、三注意”。

　　一、变。即把主动语态中的宾语变为被动语态的主语； 主动语态中的谓语动词变为be + 过去分词； 主动语态中的主语变为介词by 的宾语,放在谓语动词后面(如果不强调动作的执行者, by短语常可省略)；其它成分不变。如:

　　They grow tea in the southeast of China.

　　(主语) (谓语) (宾语)　　　　　　　　　　(主动语态)

　　Tea is grown by them in the southeast of China.

　　(主语) (谓语) 　　　　　　　　　　　　　(被动语态)

　　二、套。主动语态的谓语动词是什么时态， 变成被动语态后还是什么时态，即助动词be 的时态要跟原主动语态的时态一致。如：

　　1. 一般现在时态：用be 的现在时am / is / are+ 过去分词。如：

　　Children often sing the song. → The song is often sung by children.

　　2. 一般过去时态：用be 的过去时was / were + 过去分词。如：

　　A police man saved him. → He was saved by a police man.

　　3. 一般将来时态：用be 的将来时 will / shall be + 过去分词。如：

　　They will take her to the hospital. → She will be taken to the hospital.

　　4. 现在完成时态：用be 的完成式have /has been + 过去分词。如：

　　He has cleaned the windows. → The windows have been cleaned by him.

　　5. 一般进行时态：用be 的进行时am / is / are being + 过去分词。如：

　　The workers are building a new bridge. → A new bridge is being built by the workers.

　　6. 含情态动词时：can / many / must be + 过去分词。如：

　　I can finish my homework in two hours. → My homework can be finished in two hours.

　　三、注意。主动语态在变为被动语态时要注意以下几点：

　　1. 含有双宾语的主动句变成被动句时，通常把指“人”的间接宾语变为主语， 指“物”的直接宾语保留不变。 如：

　　He gave me a book yesterday. → I was given a book by him yesterday.

　　如果要把指“物”的直接宾语变为主语， 则在间接宾语前加to 或 for。如上句也可改为： A book was given to me by him yesterday.

　　2. 含有复合宾语的主动句在变为被动句时， 将其中的宾语变成主语，宾语补足语不变。如：

　　Tom's teacher found him a very good pupil. → Tom was found a very good pupil by his teacher.

　　但是， 如果宾语补足语是不带to 的动词不定式， 主动语态变成被动语态时要加上不定式符号to。如：

　　A girl saw my pen drop when she passed by. → My pen was seen to drop by a girl when she passed by.

　　3. 如果主动句中的谓语动词是一些相当于及物动词的短语动词， 变为被动句时短语动词中的介词或副词不可以丢掉。如：

　　We can take good care of your children. → Your children can be taken good care of by us.

　　(文/孙清宏；英语辅导报初三版04—05学年度第10期；版权归英语辅导报社所有，独家网络合作伙伴新浪教育，未经许可，不得以任何形式进行转载。)