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第二节 冠 词
http://www.sina.com.cn 2004/12/17 15:33  新浪教育

  考点透视

  一、不定冠词的用法

  1.泛指某一类人、事或物,相当于any。这是不定冠词a / an的基本用法。

  A horse is a useful animal. 马有是用的动物。

  2.泛指某人或某物,但不具体说明是何人或何物。

  A boy is waiting for you at the school gate. 学校门口有个男孩找你。

  3.表示数量,有“一”的意思,但数的概念没有one强烈。

  I have a mouth, a nose and two eyes. 我有一张嘴,一只鼻子和两只眼睛。

  4.表示“每一”,相当于every。

  Take the medicine three times a day. 吃这种药,每日三次。

  5.用在序数词前,表示“又一”,“再一”。

  Mr and Mrs Shute had a daughter called Jane. Then they had a second child—a son.

  舒特夫妇有个女儿名叫珍。不久,他们又有一个小孩——一个儿子。

  I’ve tried it three times. Let me try a fourth time.我已试过三次了。让我再试一次吧。

  6.用在某些固定词组中。

  a bit 有一点儿; 一会儿a bit of 一点儿; 少许

  a bottle of 一瓶a cup of 一(茶)杯

  a few 一些; 少数几个a glass of 一(玻璃)杯

  a hundred or more 上百或一百多 a little 一点儿

  a lot (of ) 许多,大量 a moment later 片刻之后

  a pair of 一对,一双a piece of 一张/片/块……

  after a while 过一会儿as a result of 作为……的结果

  have a good time 玩得很高兴have a look 看一看

  have a rest 休息have a swim 游泳

  have a test 进行测验/考查/试验have / have got a cough 咳嗽

  in a minute 一会儿; 立刻in a short while 不久; 一会儿

  just a moment 等一会儿leave a message 留话

  make a mistake 犯错误make a noise 吵闹

  once upon a time 从前play a trick on 跟……开玩笑

  take a look 看一看take a photo/picture 照张像

  tell a lie 说谎want a go 试一试

  二、定冠词the的用法

  1.特指某(些)人或某(些)物,这是定冠词的基本用法。

  Beijing is the capital of China. 北京是中国的首都。

  2.指谈话双方都知道的人或事物。

  Open the window please. 请把窗户打开。(双方都知道指的是哪一扇窗户)

  3.指上文已经提到的人或事物。

  There was a chair by the window. On the chair sat a young woman with a baby in her arms.

  窗户附近有一把椅子。椅子上坐着一位年轻妇女,怀里抱着一个婴儿。

  4.指世界上独一无二的事物。

  Which is the biggest, the sun, the earth or the moon? 太阳、地球和月亮哪一个最大?

  5.用在序数词、形容词最高级前。

  The first truck is carrying a few baskets. 第一辆卡车装运一些筐。

  6.用在由普通名词构成的专有名词前。

  the Great wall长城,the Summer Palace颐和园,

  the People’s Farm人民农场,the Science Museum科学馆

  7.用在某些形容词前,表示某一类人。

  the rich富人 the poor穷人 the sick病人 the old老人,

  the young年轻人 the blind盲人 the dead死人

  8.用在姓氏复数形式前,表示“全家人”或“夫妇俩”。

  The Turners are going home on a train. 特纳夫妇在回家的火车上。

  9.用在方位词前。

  on the left/right在左/右边

  in the east/west/north/south在东/西/北/南方

  at the back/front of在……的后/前面

  10.用在乐器名称前。

  Do you like playing the piano or the violin? 你喜欢弹钢琴还是喜欢拉小提琴?

  11.用在表示海洋、河流、山脉、群岛及国家和党派名词前。

  the East China Sea 东海the Huai River 淮河

  the Jinggang Mountains 井冈山the United States of American 美国

  12.用在某些固定词组中。

  all the same 仍然all the time 一直

  all the year round 一年到头at the age of 在……岁时

  at the beginning of 起初; 开始at the end of 在……的尽头/末尾

  at the entrance of 在……门口at the foot of 在……脚下

  at the head of 在……的前面at the moment 此刻

  at the same time 同时by the side of 在……附近

  by the time 到时候by the way 顺便说

  catch the post 赶上邮班do the shopping/washing 买东西/洗衣服

  give...the message 捎口信给……go to the classroom 去教室

  in the end 最后;终于in the hat 戴帽子的

  in the middle of the day 中午in the morning/afternoon / evening 在上午/下午/晚上

  in the open air 在户外;在野外jump the queue 不按次序排队

  lead the way to 引路;指路look the same 看起来很像

  on the earth 在地球上tell the truth 说实话

  the day after tomorrow 后天the day before yesterday 前天

  the high jump 跳高the long jump 跳远

  the next day 第二天the next year下一年

  the people 人民the starting line起跑线

  三、不用冠词的情况

  1.在专有名词和不可数名词前。

  I’m going to England next week for a holiday.下周我将要去英国度假。

  2.可数名词前已有作定语的物主代词my, your, his, her等;指示代词this/ these, that/those; 不定代词some, any等及所有格限制时。

  The letter is in her pocket. 信在她的衣袋里。

  3.复数名词表示一类人或事物时。

  My father and mother are teachers. 我的父亲和母亲是教师。

  4.在星期、月份、季节、节日前。

  The best time to come to China is in spring or autumn. 到中国来的最好时间是春季或秋季。

  Today is Thursday, September 10th, Teacher’s Day. 今天是九月十日,星期四,教师节。

  [注意] 如果月份、季节等被一个限定性定语修饰,则要加定冠词。

  He joined the Army in the spring of 1982.他在1982年春季参军。

  5.在称呼语或表示头衔的名词前。

  Happy Teachers’ Day, Miss Zhao!

  Here it is, Mom!

  6.在学科名称、三餐饭和球类运动名称前。

  I think Chinese is more popular than any other subject. 我认为汉语比其它学科更普及。

  Can you play basketball? 你会打篮球吗?We are going to play football. 我们去踢足球。

  [注意]I can see a football.(指足球,并非“球类运动”)

  Where’s the football.

  7.某些固定词组中不用冠词。

  ①与by连用的交通工具名称前

  by bus, by car, by bike, by train, by air/plane, by sea/ship

  ②名词词组

  day and night, brother and sister, hour after hour, here and there

  ③介词词组

  at home在家in surprise惊奇地

  at noon在中午on foot步行

  at night在晚上on duty值日

  at work在工作on time准时

  for example例如on business经商

  in school在上学on holiday在度假

  in class在上课on show展览

  in hospital在住院on top of在……顶部

  in bed在床上

  ④ go短语

  go home回家go to bed上床睡觉

  go to school去上学go to work去上班

  go shopping/swimming/boating/fishing去买东西/游泳/划船/钓鱼

  直击中考

  1.This morning I had ______ egg and a bottle of milk for my breakfast. (2003海淀区)

  A. anB. a C. the D. /

  [点拨] 答案是A。此题考查不定冠词表“一”的用法。egg以元音开头,用an。题意为“今天早餐我吃了一个鸡蛋,喝了一瓶牛奶”。

  2. If you don’t mind, pass me ______ apple, please. (2003长沙)

  A. a B. anC. the D. 不填

  [点拨] 答案是B。此题可首先排除A和D,但B和C选哪一个,可要仔细斟酌了。由前半句If you don’t mind的语气判断,此处应用不定冠词表泛指。如果用定冠词,则显得语气生硬,不礼貌。

  3. I am reading ______ novel. It is ______ interesting story. (2003昆明)

  A. a; an B. a; a C. the; the D. /; an

  [点拨] 答案是A。 此题考查不定冠词表“泛指”及a与an的用法区别等。

  4. ______ earth we live on is bigger than ______ moon. (2003广东)

  A. The; a B. The; the C. An; a D. An; the

  [点拨] 答案是B。此题考查定冠词用在表示世上独一无二的名词前的用法。earth, sun, moon, , sky, world等名词前要用定冠词。

  5. My uncle isn’t ______ old man, and he likes playing ______ football. (2003贵阳)

  A. a; a B. an; an C. the; the D. an; /

  [点拨] 答案是D. an用在元音开头的名词前表泛指;play football“踢足球”,球类运动名词前不用冠词。

  6. —How far is it from our school to ______ seaside? (2003广州)

  —It is ______ eight-kilometer walk from here.

  A. the; an B. /; an C. the; aD. /; a

  [点拨] 答案是A。go to the seaside“去海边”是固定词组;an eight-kilometer walk“步行八千米的路程”,eight以元音[ei]开头,故用an。

  7. —Have you seen ______ pen? I left it here this morning. (2003山西)

  —Is it ______ black one? I think I saw it somewhere.

  A. a; the B. the; theC. the; aD. a; a

  [点拨] 答案是D。第一空用不定冠词表泛指;由后一句I think I saw it somewhere.(我想我在某个地方见过)可知,第二空用不定冠词泛指“一支黑色的”。

  8. The boys and girls often play______ football in ______ afternoon. (2003兰州)

  A. /; an B. the; an C./; the D. a; the

  [点拨] 答案是C。 “孩子们经常在下午踢足球”。此题旨在考查零冠词和定冠词用在固定短语中的用法。球类运动和三餐等名词前不用冠词。in the morning/afternoon/evening是固定词组。

  9. —Did you enjoy your stay in Hangzhou? (2003杭州)

  —Yes. I had ______ wonderful time.

  A. a B. anC. theD. 不填

  [点拨] 答案是A。“我们玩地很开心”。此题考查固定短语中不定冠词的用法。have a good/great/wonderful time是固定短语。又如have a rest, have a swim, have a meeting, have a look, have a picnic等。

  10. There’s ______ “h” in the word hour. (2003南京)

  A. aB. the C. an D. 不填

  [点拨] 答案是C。 “单词hour中有一个字母h。”此题考查不定冠词a和an的用法区别。h是辅音字母但以元音开头,故用an。以元音开头的辅音字母有f, h, l, m, n, r, s x等。

  11. We saw______ elephant in the zoo. ______ elephant was from India. (2003江苏无锡)

  A. a; The B. the; An C. an; The D. the; A

  [点拨] 答案是C。表示泛指某类事物中的一个,用不定冠词a或an;第二次提到某事物时用定冠词the。因elephant以元音[e]开头。

  专项训练

  1. We work five days _________ week.

  A. a B. anC. theD. /

  2. _______book on the desk is _________ useful one.

  A. The; anB. A ; a C. The ; a D. The ; /

  3. We can’t see _________ sun at ________ night.

  A. a; /B. a; theC. the; /.D. the; the

  4. After _______ supper, he stayed at home and played _______ violin.

  A. the; the B. /; the C. /; a D. /; /

  5. I have two dogs.______ black one is two years old and ______ yellow one is three years old.

  A. A; a B. The; a C. The; the D. A; the

  6. I’ve tried it three times. Let me try ______ fourth time.

  A. a B. an C. the D. /

  7. In the word "cariage" ____ "r" is lost.

  A. the B. an C. a D. /

  8. English is ____ useful language in ___ world.

  A. an; the B. a; the C. the; the D. an; an

  9. ______ new bridge has been built over ______ Huangpu River.

  A. The; a B. A; / C. A; the D. An; an

  10. This is _____ orange. ______ orange is on the table.

  A. a; The B. an; The C. an; An D. the; An

  11. —Have you seen _______ bag? I left it here just now.

  —Is it ________ one on the chair near the door?

  A. a; a B. the; the C. a; the D. the; a

  12. I have ____ blue coat.

  A. a B. an C. the D. some

  13.This is _______ apple. It’s_______ big apple.

  A. an; a B. a; the C. a; an D. an; the

  14. They passed our school _______ day before yesterday.

  A. an B. one C. a D. the

  15.________ woman over there is _____ popular teacher in our school.

  A. A; an B. The; a C. The; the D. A; the

  16.This is _______interesting story-book and it is also ______ useful one.

  A. a; a B. an; an C. an; a D. a; an

  17. The museum is quite far. It will take you half ______ hour to go there by ________bus.

  A. an; / B. an; a C. a; / D. /; /

  18. Bill is _____English teacher. He likes playing _______ football.

  A. a; the B. an; the C. a; / D. an; /

  19. Shanghai is in______ east of China.

  A. / B. an C. the D. a

  20. Beijing is ______ beautiful city. It’s _____ capital of China.

  A. a; a B. the; the C./; the D. a; the

  答案与解析

  1. A. “每周五天”,不定冠词作“每一”解。

  2. C. “桌子上的书”是特指,用定冠词;“一本有用的书”是泛指,用不定冠词。

  3. C. sun是独一无二的,用定冠词;at night是固定词组,不用冠词。

  4. D. 三餐饭名称前不用冠词;乐器名称前要用定冠词。

  5. C. 第二次提到上文出现的名词,用定冠词。

  6. A. 序数词前一般用定冠词表示顺序,但其前用不定冠词则表示“再一;又一”。

  7. B. 辅音字母r发元音[B:], 故用an。

  8. B. useful虽是元音,但发辅音[j]; world是世界上独一无二的。in the world是习语。

  9. C. 山川、河流名称前要用定冠词the;“一座新桥”为泛指,又有“一”的意思。

  10. B. 前一个是泛指;后一个是特指。

  11. C. 从上下文语气分析,“你看见一个包吗?” “是门边椅子上的那个吗?”前一个是泛指;后一个是特指。

  12. A. 不定冠词表示数量概念,意为“一”。

  13. A. a big apple是泛指,不是特指。

  14. D. the day before yesterday是固定短语。

  15. B. “那边的那位妇女”是特指;“一名受欢迎的老师”是泛指。

  16. C. useful以辅音[j]开头,故用不定冠词a。

  17. A. hour虽以辅音字母h开头,却以元音[au]开头,其前要用不定冠词an;by bus是固定短语,不用冠词。

  18. D. an用在元音开头的单词前表示泛指;球类运动名词前不用冠词,即用零冠词。

  19. C. 表示方位的名词east, west, south, north等前面需用定冠词the。

  20. D. “一个美丽的城市”是泛指,用不定冠词;“中国的首都”是特指,用定冠词the。


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