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when,whenever,as和while引导时间状语从句
http://www.sina.com.cn 2005/01/24 10:44  英语辅导报

  一、when引导时间状语从句

  when是引导时间状语从句最常用的一个词,它涵盖的时间范围比较广泛,在作“当……的时候”解时,有下面几种常见用法:

  1. 表示在某个具体的时间里发生的动作。此时,when不能用as或while替换。

  When she comes, I shall tell her to wait for you. 她来的时候我会告诉她等你的。(指具体的时间点)

  When his father died of illness in 1980, he was only two years old. 1980年他父亲病逝时他只有两岁。(指1980年这个具体的时间点)

  2. 表示一个动作与另一个动作在同一时间发生,或一个动作在另一个动作所延续的时间范围之内发生。此时,when可以用as或while替换。

  I hurt my shoulder when (while, as) I was playing basketball. 我打篮球时弄伤了肩膀。

  He entered the room when (while, as) the meeting was going on. 正当开会的时候他走进了房间。

  When (While, As) Tom was reading, Jim was writing. 汤姆看书的时候,吉姆在写东西。

  两个同时发生的动作,如果不是一次性而是重复性的,即过去或现在的习惯动作,可用连词when或whenever, 意思是“每当……的时候”。例如:

  When (Whenever) he goes to town, he always visits his aunt. 每当他去镇上,他都去拜访他姑姑。

  She always felt ill when (whenever) she ate oyster. 她每次吃牡蛎都会生病。

  在上述两例中,不管是用when还是用whenever, 主句动词和从句动词或者都用一般现在时,或者都用一般过去时,分别表示现在或过去的习惯动作。

  3. 表示从句的动作发生后,主句的动作立即发生。此时,when表示动作的先后顺序,相当于after, 不能用as或while替换。

  When he had done his homework, he watched television. =After he had done his homework, he watched television. 他做完作业后看电视。

  When he had painted the windows, he painted the doors. =After he had painted the windows, he painted the doors. 他把窗户油漆完后,又把门油漆了。

  在这里,when从句的谓语动词都用了完成体,when从句既可以置于句首,也可以置于句尾。但是,如果when从句的谓语动词用一般现在时或一般过去时,when从句只能位于句首,表示从句动作先于主句动作。

  When he had done his homework, he watched television. =He watched television when he had done his homework.

  When he had painted the windows, he painted the doors. =He painted the doors when he had painted the windows.

  但是,“When he painted the windows, he painted the doors.”这个句子则不能写成“He painted the doors when he painted the windows.”

  二、 as引导时间状语从句

  1. 表示主句动作发生在从句动作之前。

  As I left the house, I remembered the key. 正当我要离开家时,我想起了钥匙。

  这句话的意思是我在离开家这个动作还没有完成时就想起了钥匙,很有可能还在门口处。While I was leaving the house(我正要离开家时)与As I left the house的意思相同。但是When I left the house(当我离开家后)意指离开的动作已经完成,门已关上了。试比较:

  As he finished the speech, the audience burst into applause. 在他演讲即将结束时,观众掌声雷动。(指演讲还未结束时观众开始鼓掌。)

  When he finished the speech, the audience burst into applause. 他的演讲结束后,观众掌声雷动。(指演讲结束后观众开始鼓掌。)

  2. 表示两个动作同时发生。此时,as可以用when或while替换。

  He sang as he walked. 他边走边唱。

  As I washed clothes, I listened to the music. 我边洗衣服边听音乐。

  3. 表示两个动作同时发展。此时as不能用when或while替换,否则会失去同时并进或并肩发展的意思。

  As the sun rose, the fog dispersed. 随着太阳升起雾气就散了。

  As it grew darker, it became colder. =The darker it grew, the colder it became. 天色越暗,天气越冷。

  三、while引导时间状语从句

  while表示在从句动作发生的期间,主句的动作在某一点上发生或持续。从句的动词通常是延续性动词或系动词。此时while可用when或as替换。

  The landlady suspected that someone must have broken into the house while (when, as) she was watching TV show. 女房东怀疑在她看电视时曾有人闯入屋里。

  Supplies were limited while (when, as) the war was on. 战争期间供应品紧缺。

  While (When, As) he stood there, he saw two men enter the bar. 他站在那儿时,看见两个男人进了酒吧。

  (文沈小红;英语辅导报 大学一年级版 04~05学年第17、18期; 版权归英语辅导报社所有,独家网络合作伙伴新浪教育,未经许可,不得以任何形式进行转载。)




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