高中英语课外辅导:用主动形式表示被动意义 |
http://www.sina.com.cn 2005/01/27 09:01 英语辅导报 |
被动语态是高一的重点语法项目之一,而且在往年的高考题中也出现了相应的考查题目。在有些情况下动词的主动形式也可以表示被动意义。只有熟悉这些用法,才能提高答题准确率,下面介绍可用动词主动形式表示被动意义的几种情况。 一、表示“开始”;“结束”类的动词。常见的这类动词有begin, start, open, close, end, finish, stop等。例如: School begins in September. The stores in this area open later at weekends than at weekdays. 二、主语是物,谓语是表示主语特征或属性的动词。常见的这类动词有write, read, wear, wash, clean, sell, run, lock等。这些动词常与副词或否定词连用。例如: The machine runs well. This pen writes quite smoothly. The bookshelf hardly sells. 三、表示主语状态特征的连系动词:look, feel, smell, taste, sound, prove, appear等。例如: —Do you like the material? —Yes, it ________ very soft. A. is feeling B. felt C. feels D. is felt (NMET94 Key: C) Your idea sounds reasonable. What he said proved to be correct. 四、动名词主动形式表示被动意义 1. 在need, require, want(需要)等动词后,表示某物(人)要进行……处理时,后接动名词一般式的主动形式作宾语表示被动意义,相当于不定式的被动式。例如: —You've come just in time to help us. —Fine, what requires doing? (=Fine, what requires to be done?) This sentence needs ________ . A. an improvement B. improve C. improving D. improved (Key: C) 2. be worth 后接动名词的主动式表示被动意义。例如: This famous novel is well worth reading. His suggestion is not worth considering. 五、动词不定式的主动形式表示被动意义 1. 不定式修饰的名词或代词和不定式有逻辑上的主谓关系时。例如: The next train to arrive was from New York. 2. 作定语的不定式与被修饰的名词或代词有逻辑上的动宾关系,且句子的主语或间接宾语与该不定式有逻辑上的主谓关系时。例如: Please give me something to eat. (间接宾语me是to eat的逻辑主语) I have a lot of work to do today. (主语I是to do的逻辑主语) 3. 用在作表语或宾语补足语的形容词后面的不定式,如果与句子的主语或宾语有动宾关系时,一般用主动形式。例如: His speech in English was difficult to follow. (状语to follow与主语有动宾关系) Do you think him easy to get along with?(不定式与宾语有动宾关系) (文/邱兴华; 英语辅导报高一版 04~05学年度第18期;版权归英语辅导报社所有,独家网络合作伙伴新浪教育,未经许可,不得以任何形式进行转载。) |