强调句型是英语中的一种重要的句子结构，它是英语学习者必须掌握的一种重点句型，因而在高考英语试卷上占有一席之地。在高一上学期的教材及练习中同学们见到时总会出现这样或那样的问题， 本文拟结合高考试题对强调句型的各个主要方面作一归纳。

　　一、强调句型的基本结构

　　例1： It was about 600 years ago ________ the first clock with a face and an hour hand was made. (NMET 1997)

　　A. that B. until C. before D. when

　　本题抓住强调句型与时间状语从句有类似处又各不相同的特点来命题，测试考生对强调句型的基本结构的掌握情况，正确答案为A，强调时间状语about 600 years ago.

　　强调句的基本结构是It is / was... that / who...，被强调部分放在that之前，其它部分在that之后。强调句子主语且主语是sb.时可以用who也可以用that, 其他情况一律用that。当强调主语时that / who后的谓语动词与主语的人称和数保持一致。如：

　　1) It is he who / that often helps me with my English.

　　2) It is trees that we plant on the hillside every year.

　　3) It is on the hillside that we plant trees every year.

　　4) It is every year that we plant trees on the hillside.

　　在强调句中，去掉It is / was... that / who句子后结构仍然完整，句意仍明确，但在下列各句中若去掉It was... when / before / since等后，句子结构就不完整，句意也不明确了(例l正是从这一角度切入命题、设置干扰项的)。

　　1) It was 9 o'clock when we came back. 我们回来时是九点钟。

　　2) It was 3 hours before we came back.过了三个小时我们才回来。

　　3) It was 3 hours since we had come back.我们回来已三个小时了。

　　例2：It was only when I reread his poems recently ________ I began to appreciate their beauty. (NMET 1998)

　　A. until B. that C. then D. so

　　正确答案是B。本句强调时间状语从句only when I reread his poems recently, 状语从句被强调时同样放在It is / was... that之间。又如：

　　It was where there had been a theatre that they built a new modern school. 他们是在以前曾有过一个剧场的地方建造了一所新的现代化学校。

　　二、 对not... until... 的强调

　　例3：It was not until 1920 ________ regular radio broadcasts began.(NMET 1995)

　　A. while B. which C. that D. since

　　众所周知，当时间状语由until / till引出时，如谓语动词为短暂动词，则要用否定式。如：They did not stop working until after 12 o'clock. 如要强调本句的时间状语，则把until... 连同not一起放到that之前，即：It was not until after 12 o'clock that they stopped working. 上面的题就是这种情况，故正确答案选C。

　　例4：It was not ________ she took off her dark glasses I realized she was a famous film star.(NMET 1992)

　　A. when; that B. until; that C. until; when D. when; then

　　从全句语意及结构看，第二空必须填that，与句首的It was一起构成强调句结构。第一空须填until， 因为空白之前有not。故正确答案为B。全句句意是：直到她摘下墨镜我才认出她是一位著名影星。

　　三、强调句的疑问句结构

　　例5：Was it during the Second World War ________ he died? (NMET 1988)

　　A. that B. while C. in which D. then

　　正确答案为A。全句是强调句的疑问句结构，只要把It is / was倒装即可，全句的结构是：Was / Is it... that / who...?如：

　　1) Was it in the war that he lost his son?

　　2) Was it you that / who are helping the old man?

　　特殊疑问句的强调结构若以疑问词开头，其结构是：疑问词+is / was it that...? 如：

　　1) When was it that the hospital opened?

　　2) Who was it that invented the computer?

　　3) Why was it that you didn't agree with what he said?

　　(文/左蕊； 英语辅导报新课标高一版 04~05学年度第25期；版权归英语辅导报社所有，独家网络合作伙伴新浪教育，未经许可，不得以任何形式进行转载。)