定语从句、主语从句既强调句中的主谓一致 |
http://www.sina.com.cn 2005/03/16 18:04 英语辅导报 |
主谓一致在英语表达中是一个应该特别注意的语法现象,它要求句子主语和谓语在人称和数两方面应保持一致。很多学生对于英语的主谓一致了解不深,对定语从句和名词性从句的主谓一致了解得更少,因此很容易出错。下面就对这一问题进行探讨。 一、定语从句的主谓一致 1. 一般来讲,定语从句中的动词在人称和数方面应该与它的先行词保持一致。 【例句】 I am not one who is afraid of difficulty. 我是个不怕困难的人。 Don't choose me,who am not qualified for this job. 不要选我,我不适合做这项工作。 Anyone who has questions to ask, please come to my office this afternoon. 有问题要问的人,今天下午到我办公室来。 2. 当定语从句中的先行词是 “one of + 复数名词”时,在非正式的英语口语中,有时甚至在一些很正规的文体中,动词的数与 one相一致,这是因为说话者或写作者首先想到的是one,而不是one后面真正的先行词。但也经常与先行词保持一致,采用复数。因此要根据具体句意而定。 【例句】 That is one of the most valuable dictionaries that has appeared in recent years. 那本词典是近几年来所见到的最有价值的词典之一。(强调其中的这一本) Buenos Aires is one of the world capitals that is noted for its busy harbor. 布宜诺斯艾利斯是一个以其海港的热闹而闻名的国家首都。从句中的is不能改成are。这点很好理解,因为用are就意味着世界上所有国家的首都以海港热闹而出名,这是不符合实际的。再如: He was one of the students who were late for school. 他是迟到的学生之一。(从句用复数修饰先行词,说明迟到学生的范围) 3. 当定语从句的先行词是:“the only one of + 复数名词”时,定语从句的谓语动词要与 one保持一致而取单数形式,其原因是跟句子的意义有关。 【例句】 He is the only one of those workers who is able to do this job. 他是那些工人中惟一能做此工作的人。 He was the only one of the boys who was late for class. 他是上课迟到的惟一一个学生。 二、名词性从句的主谓一致: 1. 从句充当主语时,动词通常用单数形式。引导主语从句的连词主要有what, whatever, when, where, why, how, that, whether等。 【例句】 What I am most interested in is American movies. 我最感兴趣的是美国电影。 Whatever he says is of no importance. 无论他说什么都不重要。 Whoever says that is wrong. 无论谁说这话都不对。 What is troubling me is that I don't know what is to be done with the new machine. 使我感到麻烦的是我不知道怎么处理这台新机器。 Why he is late for class is more than I can tell. 为什么他上课迟到,我也说不上来。 2. 当who, whoever等词引导主语从句时,主句谓语动词常用单数;但如果主语从句中的动词是复数,有时根据语义,主句中谓语动词要用复数形式。 【例句】 What you are doing is none of my business. 你现在的所作所为与我无关。 Who are going to attend the meeting has been decided by the manager. 哪些人去参加会议,已由经理做出了决定。 Whoever say that are to be punished. 谁这样讲,就惩罚谁。 三、 强调句中的主谓一致 1. 不管被强调部分是单数还是复数,是时间、地点还是原因,强调句型中的be动词一律采用单数形式。 【例句】 It's Mary and James that are standing behind the counter. 站在柜台后面的是玛丽和詹姆斯。 It was because he was ill that he didn't come to school. 他没来上学是因为他病了。 2. 当被强调部分是句子的主语时,从句谓语的人称和数常与被强调部分保持一致。 【例句】 It's I who am to be punished for doing that. 是我应该为做那件事受到惩罚。 It is the Communist Party that has made China what she is today. 是中国共产党使中国成为今天这个样子的。 (文/李 力;英语辅导报初中教师版04~05学年第24期;版权归英语辅导报社所有,独家网络合作伙伴新浪教育,未经许可,不得以任何形式进行转载。) |