通过对单项选择题中语法形式型试题选项设置的研究,笔者发现that是出现频率最高的词之一;但是,进一步的统计和分析告诉我们,that以“正确项” 形式出现的机会却很少,多是以“干扰项”的形式出现的。 本文结合高考题对that的考查情况进行分析和探讨,希望同学们能对that 有一个更清楚的认识。

　　一、作为正确项的that

　　【原题再现】

　　① Sometimes it was a bit boring to work there because there wasn’t always ________ much to do.

　　A. such B. that C. more D. very

　　答案:B

　　【解析】that这里是程度副词,相当于so,意思是“那么,到那种程度”。这是that的一种非正式用法,一般用于疑问句或否定句中。

　　② A story goes ________ Elizabeth I of England liked nothing more than being surrounded by clever and qualified noblemen at court.

　　A. whenB. where C. what D. that

　　答案:D

　　【解析】that这里引导的是同位语从句,它与先行词story被谓语动词goes隔开。

　　③ It was with great joy ________ he received the news that his lost daughter had been found.

　　A. because B. which C. since D. that

　　答案:D

　　【解析】题干句是强调句型,被强调部分是作状语的介词短语with great joy。

　　二、作为干扰项的that

　　1. that对it和all的干扰

　　【原题再现】

　　① I like ________ in the autumn when the weather is clear and bright.

　　A. thisB. that C. itD. one

　　答案:C

　　【解析】 在I like / love / hate it when...这个结构中,it是形式宾语,代指when从句所描述的情形。但是,它与我们所熟悉的it作形式宾语的复合结构不同的是在它之后没有形容词或名词作宾语补足语。例如:

　　I thought it strange that she hadn’t written. 她没有写信,我感到很奇怪。

　　② That’s an unpleasant thing to say about your father after ________ he’s done for you.

　　A. somethingB. anythingC. allD. that

　　答案:C

　　【解析】 在本句中all作after的宾语,其后是一个省略了that的定语从句。

　　2. that对其他关系代词或关系副词的干扰

　　【原题再现】

　　① ________ is reported in the newspapers, talks between the two countries are making progress.

　　A. It B. AsC. That D. What

　　答案:B

　　【解析】As这里引导的是定语从句,指代整个主句的内容。

　　② There were dirty marks on her trousers ________she had wiped her hands.

　　A. where B. whichC. when D. that

　　答案:A

　　【解析】关系副词where引导定语从句,where在从句中作地点状语。that引导定语从句时,既可以指人又可以指物;在从句中既可作主语,又可作宾语。但它不能指代前面或后面提到的整个主句;不能引导非限制性定语从句。

　　3. that对其他连接代词或连接副词的干扰

　　【原题再现】

　　After Yang Liwei succeeded in circling the earth,________ our astronauts desire to do is walk in space.

　　A. where B. whatC. that D. how

　　答案: B

　　【解析】引导名词性从句的that是连词,没有真正的实意,而其他的连接代词(who,what等)、连接副词(when, where, why,how, whether,if等)除起到连接从句的作用外,还具有实意且在从句中充当句子成分。

　　4. that对引导时间状语从句的连词的干扰

　　【原题再现】

　　It was evening ________ we reached the little town of Winchester.

　　A. thatB. until C. sinceD. before

　　答案:D

　　【解析】强调句型中的that极易与引导状语从句的when,after, before或where等连词混淆。此题中before引导的是时间状语从句,题干句的意思相当于:It was already evening when we reached the little town of Winchester. 我们到达温彻斯特小镇时,天已黄昏。注意比较:

　　It was in the evening that we reached the little town of Winchester. (强调句型)黄昏的时候我们才到达温彻斯特小镇。

　　(文/侯成水 英语辅导报高三年级版2004-2005学年第24期；版权归英语辅导报社所有，独家网络合作伙伴新浪教育，未经许可，不得以任何形式进行转载。)