1. Not only over one billion people living inside China, but also many Chinese outside China speak it. 不仅住在中国的10万多人说它，而且住在中国之外的中国人也说它。

　　Everything spoken or written in one language is translated into the other five. 每一个用一种语言所说或所写的东西都被翻译成其它五种。

　　这两句中的living和spoken or written都作后置定语，后置定语可以用现在分词或过去分词充当，在句子中应用哪一种，由它前面被修饰的名词与它的关系决定，主动关系用现在分词作后置定语，被动关系则用过去分词作后置定语。例如：

　　All the students sitting in the classroom pay attention to listening to the teacher. 坐在教室里的所有同学都注意听老师讲。(students与sitting是逻辑上的主谓关系)

　　Everything borrowed from others should be returned as soon as possible. 每一件向别人借的东西都应该尽快归还。(everything与borrowed是被动关系)

　　2. Each star stood for one state. 一颗星代表一个州。

　　stand for是“代表、象征”的意思。例如：

　　Many Chinese people believe that red stands for good luck. 很多中国人相信红色象征好运。

　　GNP stands for the gross national product. GNP代表国民生产总值。

　　3. But the new country continued to grow. 但是这个新国家持续增长。

　　continue指“继续、持续”的意思，可用于不中断的继续或中断后的继续。有以下几种用法：

　　① continue + adv.

　　The rain continued till late last night. 雨继续下到昨天深夜。

　　The discussion continued after a break. 那项讨论在短暂的休息之后继续进行。

　　② continue + n.

　　I'll continue my study have for another year. 我将在这里继续学习一年。

　　③ continue + adj.

　　The weather continued cold in March. 三月的天气仍然很冷。

　　④ continue + to do / doing

　　He continued to read / reading when I spoke to him. 当我跟他说话时，他仍然在继续阅读。

　　4. To fail in the competition is very disappointing. 竞赛中的失败是很令人失望的。

　　disappointing是形容词，表示“令人失望的、扫兴的”，多用来修饰事物，disappointed表示“失望的、沮丧的”，用来修饰人的心理。例如：

　　His mark of the final exam is disappointing. 他的期末成绩令人失望。

　　His mark of the final exam made his parents disappointed. 他的期末成绩使他的父母失望。

　　be disappointed后面可以加at / about / with / to do或that从句。例如：

　　She was disappointed at the film which her sister spoke highly of. 她对她姐姐高度赞扬的那部电影很失望。

　　He was disappointed to see the rubbish on the road. 他看见路上的垃圾，感到失望。

　　I was disappointed that I had lost the game. 我对输了比赛感到失望。

　　(文/张新峰；英语辅导报初四普及版04—05学年度第11期；版权归英语辅导报社所有，独家网络合作伙伴新浪教育，未经许可，不得以任何形式进行转载。)