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想在比赛中获胜 穿上红衣服吧(图)
http://www.sina.com.cn 2005/05/20 11:10  国际在线


If You Want to Win in Sports, Wear Red

  If winning is everything, British anthropologists have some advice: Wear red. Their survey of four sports at the 2004 Olympic Games in Athens shows competitors were more likely to win their contests if they wore red uniforms or red body armor.

  "Across a range of sports, we find that wearing red is consistently associated with a higher probability of winning," report Russell A. Hill and Robert A. Barton of the University of Durham in England. Their findings are in Thursday's issue of the journal Nature.

  Red coloration is associated with aggression in many animals. Often it is sexually selected so that scarlet markings signal male dominance.

  Just think of the red stripes on the scowling face of the male Mandrill, Africa's largest monkey species. But red is not exclusively a male trait. It's the female black widow spider that is venomous and displays a menacing red dot on her abdomen.

  Similarly, the color's effect also may subconsciously intimidate opponents in athletic contests, especially when the athletes are equal in skill and strength, the researchers suggest.

  In their survey, the anthropologists analyzed the results of four combat sports at the summer games: boxing, tae kwon do, Greco-Roman wrestling and freestyle wrestling.

  In those events, the athletes were randomly assigned red protective gear and other sportwear.

  Athletes wearing red gear won more often in 16 of 21 rounds of competition in all four events.

  The effect was the same regardless of weight classes, too: 19 of 29 classes had more red winners, and only four rounds had more blue winners.

  The red effect also might come into play in team sports.

  The anthropologists made a preliminary analysis of the Euro 2004 international soccer tournament, in which teams wore jerseys of different colors in different matches. They found that five teams scored more goals and won more often when they wore shirts that were predominantly red, as opposed to blue or white jerseys.

  Scientists don't precisely known how wearing red might give athletes an advantage. But the color delivers implicit messages of vigor and danger. When people get angry, their faces turn red. It's also a reason why stop signs are red.

想在比赛中获胜 穿上红衣服吧(图)

  英国科学家日前公布的一项针对2004年雅典奥运会的调查报告认为,体育选手们如果选择在比赛当天穿上红色衣服,那么他们在比赛中压倒对手、获得最后胜利的可能性就会更大。

  据美联社5月19日报道,这项研究是由英国达拉谟大学的一个研究小组进行的,该研究报告发表在最新一期的《自然》杂志上。报告说,在一系列的运动项目中,我们发现穿红色衣服与获得更高的获胜几率之间,一直存在着一种稳定的联系。

  在很多动物身上,红色意味着“进攻”和“力量”。由于红色的印记代表着雄性动物的优势或支配能力,因此这些动物在交配时经常被选中,山魈(西非洲产的大狒狒)的忧郁面孔上长着一块红色的标记,就是一个很好的例子。不过,红色并非只是雄性的特性,一种叫做“黑寡妇”的雌性美洲蜘蛛的腹部就有一个红色的点,这种蜘蛛的毒性非常大。

  同样的,在体育比赛中,颜色的心理效应也很有可能在下意识的情况下胁迫对手,特别是在双方具有相同的技术和力量时。人类学家们分析了2004年雅典奥运会4个项目的体育比赛结果,这些项目分别是拳击、跆拳道、摔跤、自由式摔跤。比赛中,选手们被随机分配给红色的保护装备和其他体育服装。结果在所有4个项目中,观察的21轮比赛中,有16轮比赛是穿红色衣服的人赢了。

  研究人员认为,这种颜色效应也可能影响团队体育项目,如足球、篮球等。专家们对2004年欧洲冠军联赛的比赛进行初步调查后发现,5支穿红色衣服的球队比对阵的穿白色或蓝色衣服的球队要射入更多的球,且最终获胜的情况也比对方多。

  目前,科学家们还不清楚为什么穿红衣服会给体育选手一种优势,但可以确定的是,红色确实能够给人“勇气”和“危险”等暗示,比如当人生气时脸会变红。这也是交通信号灯之所以选择用红色来示意“停止”的原因。(文/程瑶)


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