汉英翻译中的“中式英语”：有些表达约定俗成

　　有的词句尽管搭配不当，但因长期使用而被英语国家接受，可谓约定俗成，例如：

　　"把中国建设成为"build China into属Chinglish，应译为：turn China into

　　但在克林顿欢迎江主席的讲话中就用了build San Francisco into a thriving cosmopolitan city。可见英语也在吸收外来语，也在不断发展。

　　三、重复和累赘。汉语和英语对名词、动词、形容词和副词的用法不同，所以对重复强调的用法也不一样。汉语中经常出现重复使用名词的现象，而英语则较多地用代词、短语或省略来表达。例如：

　　(5)"为了开好本次大会，邮联大会中国组委会全力以赴做了大量的准备工作。中国政府和北京市政府均对本次大会的筹备给予了大力支持。很多国家政府和

　　初译：The Chinese Organizing Committee of the postal Union Congress has gone all out to make preparations in order to make the Congress a success. The Central Government and the Beijing Municipal Government of China have rendered unfailing support to the preparatory work of the Congress. The Governments and competent postal departments of many countries have furnished kind assistance to China's preparatory work for the Congress. Here I'd like to express my most sincere thanks to all countries, departments and friends that have given us support to the preparatory work for the Congress.

　　在这句话中，"大会"，出现了五次，初译在英文中也出现五次。"筹备"一词在汉语中出现三次，在英译文中也出现了三次。译文句子非常累赘，有Chinglish的味道。

　　改译：The COC has gone all out and done a lot of preparatory work for the Postal Union Congress to make it a success. Both the Central Government and the Beijing Municipal Government of China have rendered unfailing support to its preparations. The Governments and competent postal departments of many countries have provided China with kind help in the work. Here I wish to express most sincere thanks to all the countries, departments and friends that have given us support in this regard.

　　改译后，"大会"和"筹备"都只出现过一次，句子简练一些。

　　(6)"为了推动中美关系的发展，中国需要进一步了解美国，美国也需要进一步了解中国。"

　　初译：To promote the development of China-US relations, China needs to know the US better and the US also needs to know China better.

　　改译：To promote China-US relations, China needs to know the US better and vice versa.

　　改后译文避免了重复，英文较顺。

　　(7)"依法治国……建立社会主义的法制国家"

　　初译：govern the country by law…and build the socialist country ruled by law累赘且费解。

　　改译：exercise the rule of law…and turn China into a socialist country with an adequate legal system这样避免出现两个"country"，层次比较清楚。

　　四、过多使用修饰词。汉语中经常用很强的副词修饰动词和形容词，用形容词修饰名词，以加重语气。而译成英语时需要斟酌，不能一字一字地照译，否则往往强调过头，效果相反，削弱了原文的力量。例如：

　　(8)"我们要继续坚定不移地坚持以经济建设为中心。

　　我们要继续坚定不移地推进改革开放。

　　我们要继续坚定不移地保持社会稳定。

　　我们要继续坚定不移地贯彻执行独立自主的和平外交政策。"

　　a. We will continue to unswervingly focus on economic development. We will continue to unswervingly press ahead with reform and opening-up. We will continue to unswervingly carry out the independent foreign policy of peace.

　　b. We will steadfastly focus on economic development, resolutely press ahead with reform and opening-up, persistently maintain social stability and unswervingly pursue the independent foreign policy of peace.

　　c. We will unswervingly focus on economic development, press ahead with reform and opening-up, maintain social stability and pursue the independent foreign policy of peace.

　　四个“坚定不移地”全译成unswervingly，这样的英译文不仅不能加重语气，反而弱化并显得累赘。如果译成不同的副词也不可取，给人以副词堆砌的感觉。只用一个副词修饰四个动词应该就可以了。

　　再如：“彻底粉碎”completely smash, "smash"本意就是break completely，已经包含了“彻底”的意思，加上completely语气反而弱化。

　　“完全征服”completely conquer, "conquer"不可能是partly。

　　“极为可耻”extremely shameless，"shameless"已是最高级。

　　“伟大的历史性转变”This is a great historic change。在英语里，historic已经包含了great的意思。

　　五、不适当的省略。有时汉语简洁，但译成英文必须补缺。

　　(9)"农业搞好了，农民能自给，五亿人口就稳定了。"

　　初译：If agriculture is in good shape and the peasants self-supporting, then the 500million people will feel secure.

　　改译：If agriculture is in good shape and the peasants are self-supporting,…

　　前半句主语和动词都是单数，后半句主语是多数，因而必须据此加一复数动词而不能省略。

　　(10)"人的意志想要避免，也不可能。"

　　It cannot be avoided even if people want to 必须加avoid it. 前半句avoided是被动，而后半句avoid是主动，因而不能省略。

　　六、拟人法。这种现象在汉语中经常出现。而在译成英语时，往往因受汉语字面影响使译文有Chinglish的味道。

　　(11)"中国社会主义建设的航船将乘风破浪地驶向现代化的光辉彼岸。"

　　a. The ship of China's socialist construction will brave the wind and waves and sail to the glorious destination of modernization。"ship"没有生命，而搞modernization的主语应当是人。

　　b. China will stride forward in building socialism, like a ship braving the wind and the waves, towards the glorious destination of modernization.

　　(b)例译文并不理想，但克服了拟人化，比(a)略有改进。