Values

　　Values, certain behaviors and the environment play important roles in happiness

　　在幸福感中，价值观、特定行为举止和环境也很重要

　　Many values taught by religion are reinforced by society through more secular systems. Altruism and kindness have shown happiness in both the giver and the receiver。

　　在许多宗教中灌输的价值观都被社会通过更加长期的制度体系加强完善了。利他主义和行善乐施的价值观会让赠与者和接受者都感觉幸福。

　　Most ethical systems also teach that material wealth should not be pursued beyond the point where it compromises other values. At a given level of income, people who cared more about their income were less happy with life overall。

　　大多数道德体系都会教导我们：追寻物质财富时，不能以牺牲其他价值观为代价。在某一特定收入水平上，更加在乎其收入的人们总体生活幸福感要少一些。

　　All other things equal, watching television is also associated with lower happiness. This is because its reduces social life and increases exposure to violence. But television can provide enjoyment and instruction。

　　其他所有因素重要程度相当，看电视会让人有较低的幸福感，这是因为看电视减少了社交生活，但增加了观看暴力场面的机会。但是电视同时让人很享受，也有指导意义。

　　The environment also plays a crucial part in happiness. Green spaces are associated with better health, performance and life satisfaction。

　　环境在影响幸福感中也至关重要。绿色的空间通常暗示着较好的身体状况、出色的表现和满意的生活。

Mental and physical health

　　Mental and physical health both have huge impacts on happiness

　　心理和生理健康都非常影响一个人幸福感

　　"Happiness depends crucially on personality, and personality is strongly affected by your genetic make-up." One important way in which in genes operate is through mental health。

　　“幸福感极其依赖于性格，而性格又受遗传基因性格影响颇深。” 心理健康是实现基因运转最重要的一种方式。

　　Those who are mentally ill as adolescents are more likely to experience low earnings, unemployment, criminal records, teenage pregnancy, physical illness and poor educational performance than others in the population。

　　那些在少年时候就有精神疾病的人更容易遭受低收入、失业、犯罪记录、少年妈妈、生理疾病和糟糕教育表现等境遇。

　　Panel data allows comparisons of the life-satisfaction of the same individuals before and after they become disabled. The impact effect of severe disability is estimated as being 0.6 points on the one to seven life satisfaction scale, and that of moderate disability as 0.4 points。

　　研究中的固定样本数据可以将同一个人在残疾前后对生活的满意度进行对比。严重残疾的影响作用对生活满意度有着非常大的影响：在0-7分范围的中只得到0.6分，中度残疾为0.4分。

　　Adaptation to disability also impacts life-satisfaction, and someone who has been disabled for all of the past three years is less affected than someone who is recently disabled。

　　对于残疾的适应力也影响着生活满意度，残疾有3年的人比刚刚遭遇残疾的人所受到影响要小。

Children

　　Having children is no guarantee of happiness

　　有孩子并不能确保幸福

　　Being married rather than single, divorced or widowed is strongly associated with higher self-declared happiness. In most countries married people are happier with their life than those who cohabit with a partner。

　　结婚的人比单身、离异或者丧偶能感受到更多的自我幸福感。在大多数国家，已婚人士比那些未婚同居的人们生活幸福感更强烈。

　　Studies have shown that individuals who are already happier when they are young have a higher probability of becoming and remaining married. And getting married also boosts happiness if only for some years. But leisure and social activities of one's spouse can reduce life satisfaction in the other spouse。

　　研究显示，一个年轻时就比较幸福的人走进婚姻殿堂和保持美满婚姻的可能性较大。结婚会增加幸福感，哪怕只是几年的婚姻生活。但是一方配偶的闲暇和社会活动却会减少另一方的生活满意度。

　　Life satisfaction is said to peak in the years before and after marriage. For those who never get divorced, happiness is permanently higher than before they were married。

　　生活满意度在婚前和婚后会达到一个顶峰。对于那些从未离婚的夫妻来说，幸福感永远高于他们结婚前。

　　Moreover having children is no guarantee of higher happiness。

　　此外，有孩子并不能确保更高的幸福感。

Education

　　Education indirectly affects happiness through higher income and better healthcare

　　教育因为可以带来更高的收入和更好的医疗保健，从而直接影响幸福感

　　Education is indirectly related to happiness because it increases income and income increases happiness. Longer years of education are associated with increased employability and job security。

　　教育与幸福感直接相关联，因为教育会提高收入，而收入又会提高幸福感。较长的受教育年限能增加就业能力，保障职业安全感。

　　The direct effect of education on happiness is mixed and varies between countries。

　　在不同的国家，教育对于幸福感的直接作用也不同。

Women

　　In most developed countries women are happier than men

　　在大多数发达国家，女人比男人幸福

　　In most advanced countries, women report higher life satisfaction and happiness than men. But the results are smaller or reversed in non-industrial countries。

　　在大多数发达国家，女人比男人拥有更高的生活满意度和幸福感。但是，在非工业国家这个结论差距会缩小甚至颠倒过来。

　　Women are happier in countries where gender rights are equal。

　　在性别权利平等的国家里女性更幸福。

上一页 1 2 3 下一页