《北京社会发展报告》发布，2011年居民生活压力来源分别是医疗费用、房价上涨等。[新京报 制图]

　　2005年到2011年，北京城镇居民收入、农村居民人均纯收入，分别增加了86%、87%，但城乡收入差距没有缩小。而且，收入虽然增加，相当一部分市民明显感觉生活压力加大，医疗、房价、养老、物价是压力源头。

　　24日，由北京市社科院编写的2012年《北京社会发展报告》(北京社会蓝皮书)发布，呈现出上述结论。

　　蓝皮书编委会去年底选取101名市民作了问卷调查。结果显示，与2010年相比，2011年，32.6%的市民感到生活压力加重，而压力来源分别是医疗费用(73.3%)、房价上涨(65.3%)、养老保障(64.4%)、物价上涨(61.4%)。

　　市民中感到生活质量大有提高的占1.0%、略有提高的占19.8%、没有变化的为34.7%、略有下降和下降很多的占40.6%。

　　对政府工作满意度方面的调查显示，“公共文化体育”和“环保”满意度最高，分别为90.1%、83.1%。受访者对于政府在房价调控和调节收入分配方面的工作，最为不满，分别达39.6%、30.7%。

　　被问及“如果您想发表自己对政策的看法，可能会通过什么样的渠道去反映”时，选择“在网络上发帖或发言”的占61.4%。

　　此外，蓝皮书总结了北京人口调控、治堵等其他情况。

　　城市交通发展概况

　　2010年，北京城市道路总里程6355公里，比上年增加106公里，比2005年增加2282公里；城市道路面积9395万平方米，比上年增加216万平方米，比2005年增加1958万平方米。

　　【人口】

　　经济和行政因素致暂住人口减少

　　蓝皮书列举了北京市统计局发布的两组数据：一是常住人口数据，2011年年末，全市常住人口2018.6万人，其中在京居住半年以上的外来人口742.2万人，比2010末增加37.5万人；一是暂住人口数据，2011年全市暂住人口825.8万人，比2010年减少了60万人。

　　上述两组数据，非京籍数量一增一减。蓝皮书提出，对于流动人口，近年来北京一直推行“以证管人、以房管人、以业控人”的管理模式。数据表明，北京行政手段加经济手段的人口调控政策，开始收到效果。

　　但蓝皮书强调，在人口调控的同时，还要强调对流动人口的服务与管理。蓝皮书建议：改变街道、乡镇按照户籍人口配置管理资源的传统做法，建立社区实有人口一体化管理体制；探索流动人口参与社区居委会选举；接纳流动人口为居住社区的正式成员，享有与户籍人口同等参与公共服务和管理的权利。

　　Pressure takes its toll on Beijingers: survey

　　More than 30 percent of those polled are feeling increasing pressure from living in China's capital, according to a newly released report by the Beijing Academy of Social Sciences。

　　Medical expenses, rising housing prices, old-age security and the growing price of commodities are the four major sources of this pressure, said Li Yang, a researcher with the academy。

　　Figures from report show per capita disposable income for urban residents rose by 86 percent from 2005 to 2011, while rural per capita net income grew by 87 percent during the same period. Both have risen faster than the consumer price index, or price increases。

　　However, the income gap continues to be a problem, with consumption levels between rural and urban residents seeing only a slight improvement over the same period, the academy said。

　　The income gap between industries continues to widen, with the real-estate sector offering the highest average salary among all 17 traditional industries studied by the academy, 2.8 times higher than the supermarket retail industry。

　　But the rise in incomes is far below the increase in GDP during the same period, the report said。

　　In addition to complaining about income disparity, of the 101 poll participants 32.6 percent said they are facing increased pressure from living in Beijing。

　　Medical expenses account for the most stress, with 73.3 percent saying this is the case, followed by rising house prices (65.3 percent)， old-age security (64.4 percent) and inflation (61.4 percent)， the report states。

　　Only 1 percent of the participants said their quality of life had greatly improved, while 19.8 percent said it had improved slightly。

　　Some 34.7 percent said they did not feel there had been any change, and 40.6 percent said their quality of life had declined。

　　Bao Xian, a 26-year-old accountant, said: "My salary has increased a little bit after my recent job-hopping, but all that is based on extra work and overtime, as well as persistent mental pressure and less time with family and friends. A salary increase does not equate to growing happiness, especially in a tense, first-tier city like Beijing."

　　In another study on the degree of satisfaction with the government's work, the participants again voiced discontent over house-price controls and income distribution adjustment。

　　However, they gave the government credit for its achievements in public culture and sports, as well as environmental protection. Some 61.4 percent also said they would express their opinions on the policies through the Internet, according to Li, the academy researcher。

　　He said the Internet has become an important channel for people to voice their opinions and appeals。