实用盘点:让全球旅行者露怯的易混英文词

2015年10月01日14:15  参考消息网     收藏本文     

  The Netherlands vs. Holland

  (continued)The Kingdom of the Netherlands consists of 12 provinces, two of which, North and South Holland, together comprise the historical region of “Holland。” It rose to prominence under the Holy Roman Empire and subsequent Dutch Republic, with the name retaining that representative cachet over the centuries。

  “尼德兰”和“荷兰”

  “尼德兰”王国包括12个省,其中两个(北荷兰省和南荷兰省)共同构成了历史上的荷兰地区。它在神圣罗马帝国和后来的荷兰共和国统治下声名鹊起,其名称数百年来存续了这一代表意义。

  America vs. The United States

  This one is obvious—we hope. America refers to the New World in its entirety—from Alaska to Tierra del Fuego. Though “American” is a popular euphemism for citizens of the United States, “US citizen” is technically correct。

  “亚美利加”和“美国”

  这个很明显——但愿如此。“亚美利加”指的是从阿拉斯加到火地岛的整个新世界。尽管American是指代美国公民的流行委婉说法,但“US Citizen”是严格意义上的正确说法。

  South Asia vs. Southeast Asia

  South Asia is a sub-continental region that includes Pakistan, India, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh, and the island nations of Sri Lanka and the Maldives. Southeast Asia is further east, consisting of Myanmar/Burma, Thailand, Cambodia, Laos, Vietnam, Malaysia, Singapore, Indonesia, the Philippines, East Timor, and Brunei。

  “南亚”和“东南亚”

  “南亚”是包括巴基斯坦、印度、尼泊尔、不丹、孟加拉国和岛国斯里兰卡及马尔代夫在内的次大陆地区。“东南亚”在更东边,包括缅甸、泰国、柬埔寨、老挝、越南、马来西亚、新加坡、印度尼西亚、菲律宾、东帝汶和文莱。

  The South Pacific vs. Polynesia

  The South Pacific refers to, quite literally, the southern half of the Pacific Ocean. “Polynesia” refers to a group of islands in the South Pacific inhabited by Polynesian peoples—such as Hawaii, New Zealand, Samoa, and Easter Island. Micronesia and Melanesia are similar sub-regions of the South Pacific, though they are generally inhabited by Micronesian and Melanesian groups, respectively。

  “南太平洋”和“波利尼西亚”

  “南太平洋”指的完全是字面意思,就是太平洋的南半部分。“波利尼西亚”指的是波利尼西亚人居住的一组南太平洋岛屿,比如夏威夷、新西兰、萨摩亚和复活节岛。密克罗尼西亚和美拉尼西亚是南太平洋上的类似次区域,但主要分别居住着密克罗尼西亚族群和美拉尼西亚族群。

  Syrian vs. Syriac

  “Syrian” refers to anyone from the modern state of Syria. “Syriac” is a language spoken by groups from Iraq and the Levant known as Assyrians, Arameans, or Chaldeans, who are descended from ancient Mesopotamian peoples. Most Syrians are ethnic Arabs, though some may be Kurdish or Armenian, and most Syrians do not speak Syriac。

  “叙利亚人”和“古叙利亚语”

  “Syrian(叙利亚人)”指现代叙利亚国的所有人。“Syriac(古叙利亚语)”是伊拉克和黎凡特的族群讲的一种语言。这些族群被称为亚述人、阿拉姆人或迦勒底人,是古代美索不达米亚民族的后裔。大多数叙利亚人是阿拉伯人,但有些可能是库尔德人或者亚美尼亚人,而且大多数叙利亚人不讲古叙利亚语。

  The Baltics vs. The Balkans

  Yes, both regions are in Europe, but “the Baltics” refers to three countries bordering the Baltic Sea—Lithuania, Latvia, and Estonia—which are sandwiched between the Russian Federation and Central Europe. “The Balkans” refers to an area of southern Europe including former Yugoslavia, Albania, Bulgaria, Romania, Moldova, Greece, and the Turkish region of East Thrace。

  “波罗的海国家”和“巴尔干”

  没错,这两个地区都在欧洲,但“波罗的海国家”指波罗的海沿岸的3个国家——立陶宛、拉脱维亚和爱沙尼亚,它们夹在俄罗斯联邦与中欧之间。“巴尔干”指南欧的一个地区,包括前南斯拉夫、阿尔巴尼亚、保加利亚、罗马尼亚、摩尔多瓦、希腊和土耳其的东色雷斯地区。

  The Middle East vs. MENA vs. The Arab World

  The Middle East is a region that includes Turkey, Lebanon, Israel, the Palestinian Authority, Iraq, Kuwait, Bahrain, Iran, Jordan, Saudi Arabia, Qatar, the United Arab Emirates, Oman, Yemen, and Egypt. The MENA designation adds Libya, Tunisia, Algeria, Morocco, and Sudan into the mix. MENA typically excludes Turkey as well. Afghanistan and Pakistan, though frequently thought to be in the Middle East due to their Muslim-majority populations, are both in South Asia. And, to this day, no one is entirely sure where the countries of the Caucasus fit in. “The Arab world” is generally used to refer to member states of the Arab League。

  “中东”“中东北非”和“阿拉伯世界”

  “中东”是包括土耳其、黎巴嫩、以色列、巴勒斯坦、伊拉克、科威特、巴林、伊朗、约旦、沙特阿拉伯、卡塔尔、阿联酋、阿曼、也门和埃及的地区。“中东北非”这个称谓(中东和北非)要在上述群体当中加上利比亚、突尼斯、阿尔及利亚、摩洛哥和苏丹。“中东北非”通常还不包括土耳其。尽管阿富汗和巴基斯坦因为人口以穆斯林为主而经常被认为属于中东,但都是南亚国家。而且,直到现在也没有人完全确定高加索地区的国家属于哪一类。“阿拉伯世界”通常用来指阿盟成员国。

  Nordic vs. Norwegian vs. Norse

  “Nordic” is an adjective that can refer to peoples, languages, and/or cultures of greater Scandinavia: Iceland, Norway, Sweden, Denmark, Finland. “Norwegian” refers to the people and language of Norway. “Norse” refers to the Norsemen, the pre-Christian peoples of Scandinavia (i.e., the Vikings)。

  “斯堪的纳维亚的”“挪威的”和“古斯堪的纳维亚人”

  “斯堪的纳维亚的”是形容词,可以指大斯堪的纳维亚(冰岛、挪威、瑞典、丹麦、芬兰)的民族、语言和/或文化。“挪威的”指的是挪威的国民和语言。“古斯堪的纳维亚人”指古代斯堪的纳维亚人,也就是皈依基督教之前的斯堪的纳维亚居民(比如维京人)。

  Asian vs. Asiatic

  “Asian” may be used to describe countries, ethnicities, or languages originating on the Asian continent. Asiatic, though similar in meaning, is not a term reserved for human subjects. “Asiatic person”? No. “Asiatic cholera”? “Asiatic lions”? Sure。

  “亚洲的”和“源自亚洲的”

  “亚洲的”可以用于描述亚洲大陆的国家、民族或语言。不过,尽管“源自亚洲的”意思相近,却不用于描述人。“Asiatic person(亚洲人)”?不行。“Asiatic cholera(亚洲霍乱)”?“Asiatic lions(亚洲狮)”?没问题。(下)(葛雪蕾译自美国“石英”财经网站8月19日文章)

 

文章关键词: 旅游易混英文词

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