选择搭配题题型一突击训练(2)_新浪教育

选择搭配题题型一突击训练(2)

http://www.sina.com.cn 2005/07/08 17:46 北文学校

　　Text 2

　　Directions: In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41- 45, choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of the numbered blanks. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the blanks.

　　or around a decade, a group of campaigners has been arguing that the public should not have to pay to read the results of the scientific research which it has, through its taxes, financed. 41..

　　Needless to say, most existing publishers of such information, who make a good business out of selling it to what is more or less a captive academic audience, are not too keen on the idea of “open access”— i.e, publication free to anyone. 42.. The NIH also plans to make it easy for researchers to do its bidding by spending $2m  4m a year supporting an electronic archive into which these papers can be deposited. This will be managed by America’s National Library of Medicine.

　　43.. Indeed, the organisation says that its actual impact is much higher, with 3050% of the most important papers (the ones that get cited extensively by other researchers) having had NIH sponsorship.

　　44.. Elias Zerhouni, the NIH’s director, acknowledged that the step back was an attempt to “preserve the role”of these groups.

　　Nevertheless, in the publishing arena the NIH is something of a bull in a china shop. Even if it tries to tiptoe around, it is hard to see how there will not be some breakage. Dr Zerhouni himself touted the new policy as one that would “transform” and “change the landscape” of biomedical publishing.

　　45. .

　　Another reason the NIH decision is important is that it could establish a standard for other organisations that fund research. The Wellcome Trust, a large charitable research foundation based in Britain, is also a strong supporter of open access. It is currently discussing with the National Library of Medicine the possibility of a joint, global archive of papers. Though by no means as powerful as the NIH, the Wellcome Trust helps to finance research that leads to the publication of around 3,600 papers a year. Ultimately the trust wants that research available free within six months of publication in a journal. For commercial scientific publishers the days of wine and roses may be numbered.

　　［A］ But open access seems to be on its way. On February 3rd America’s National Institutes of Health (NIH), the world’s biggest sponsor of medical research, announced that from May it will expect the research work which it has helped to finance to be made available online, to all comers, and free, within a year of that research having been published in a journal.

　　［B］ The NIH’s announcement，for the campaigners, is actually a retreat from the proposal originally circulated last year, which was for open access within six months of first publication. But the NIH appears to have backed down under pressure from commercial publishers, as well as from professional societies that fund their activities by publishing journals.

　　［C］ A victory, then, for the openaccess campaigners. But only a partial one.

　　［D］ The NIH’S decision represents a big change. The $30 billion that it spends on research each year leads to the publication of around 60,000 papers annually — some 11% of the total published in the medical field.

　　［E］ Feelings about the issue are particularly high when it comes to governmentfunded medical research. Patients’ rights groups argue vociferously that it is ethically wrong to charge for access to the latest medical discoveries.

　　［F］ NIH’s new policy does not actually oblige its scientific dependants to make their work available, when a big paymaster asks its researchers to jump, in most cases the response is going to be “how high?”

　　［G］ Publishers are going to have to find a way of adapting to those changes. The NIH is saying, in effect, that they could have as much as 12 months to make a profit. And while this may not please them, if any of the medical journals were to decide not to accept the new terms under which NIH researchers must publish they would have to be prepared to lose a large proportion of their best research papers.

　　41.【解析】选［E］。本题考查主题句的拓展。空格前的主题句指出一些人在争论公众不应该付费才能看到科研报告结果，接下来的句子很可能是此主题句的进一步解释。观察选项，根据语篇连贯与词汇衔接原则将答案锁定为［C］与［E］。［C］中campaigner复现，承接主题句，指出campaigner所取得的胜利，但［C］中出现的主题词open access在第二段中提到并解释，一个新的名词不可能在第二次出现时才下定义，所以［C］放在此处不恰当。［E］中the issue指代的正是主题句中的争论内容，同时第二句中argue、charge 分别与主题句中的arguing，charge for形成复现与共现关系，符合词汇衔接原则。该句进一步说明关于政府资助的医学研究发现的公开化的争议更激烈。

　　42.【解析】选［A］。本题为第二段的细节句。此类题型一定要注意从已知信息中寻找线索，本题有三条线索：其一，上一句中对open access，本句内容可能仍然与open access有关；其二：下一句中出现了一个新的专有名词The NIH，那么NIH可能会在本题所填句中第一次出现，并进行解释；其三，下一句中的also一词很重要，说明所填句肯定谈到NIH的一种计划；找到此三条线索，很快就会将答案锁定为［A］。

　　43.【解析】选［D］。本题出现在段首位置，必然会承上启下。上一段谈到NIH的两个计划，一个将它所资助出版过的论文在网上免费公开一年，另一个是通过投资建设电子文档以利于使研究者服从它的命令(do its bidding)；后一句中出现的the organization指的仍然是NIH，那么本题必然与NIH有关，初看选项，［B］、［D］、［F］均有可能入选，但要同时注意后文中出现的另一条线索：数字线索，much higher说明在与前文进行比较，30-50%又进一步说明比较的是数字，所以选择有数字列举的选项［D］。

　　44.【解析】选［B］。上一段主要说明NIH的决定(两个计划)象征着大的变化，因为这可能牵涉到每年医学领域发表的将近一半的论文。空白后句中的NIH官员在描述某事物时用了the step back这样的字眼，并提到these groups，这说明空白处应含有相关信息。［B］恰好谈到，与去年计划的“初次发表的论文公开半年”相比，NIH目前“公开一年”的申明对那些open access的campaigners而言是一种退步(retreat)，可能是受到了一些来自commercial publishers和professionmal societies的压力。［B］内容与下文紧密相关，又进一步说明上文中提到的NIH的决定的影响。

　　45.【解析】选［G］。本空独立成段，因此要从段际关系的角度考虑。下一段提到NIH的决定很重要的另个一个原因，首句Another reason the NIH decision is important...与第43题的The NIH decision represents a big change.并列，由此可见，本题所在段与下文的衔接不是很紧密，最主要的是承接上文，是The NIH’s decision represents a big change的继续阐述，从上一段结尾句中的线索词transform, biomedical publishing可以将答案锁定为［G］，首句的adapting to those changes紧密承接了上文，说明出版商与在计划寻求适应这些变化的途径。

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