三、“无词阅读”的巅峰境界

　　何谓“境界”？

　　“境界”，就是能看多远。佛能够看透物质世界，所以佛的境界无限远。

　　阅读的时候，如果谁能够透过那些生词和难句，把题目的答案直接挑出来，并且文章大致讲什么还能明白，那么就达到了“无词阅读”的最高境界，才能感到“心旷神怡，宠辱皆忘，把酒临风，其喜洋洋者矣”！

　　其实，“无词阅读法”并非是什么“都不懂”；相反，它是一种对阅读的大彻大悟，彻底颠覆了我们传统的“逐字逐句搞翻译，段落文章看不懂”错误阅读方法，保证读者在存在大量生词的情况下，还能够通过快速阅读掌握段落和文章的主旨。

　　那么“无词阅读法”的精髓在哪里呢？就在于把握两种东西：方向和关系。

　　首先，方向是作者在论述一个事物时的基本态度，其重要性远远大于个别词句的理解。例如：

　　Research studies lend strong support to the argument that there are benefits for families considering a change to a fairer or more equitable division of the pleasures and pains of family life. Greater equality in the performance of family work is associated with lower levels of family stress and higher self-esteem, better health, and higher marital satisfaction for mothers. There is also higher marital satisfaction for fathers, especially when they take more responsibility for the needs of their children – fathers are happier when they are more involved (Russell 1984).

　　这段话并不长，但是如果让你在30秒钟之内说出主旨是什么，恐怕比登天还难吧！其实不然！请看首句中有一个词benefits是个正向词，紧接着第二句话中lower levels of family stress, higher…, better health, higher… satisfaction等都是正向词。第三句话中higher satisfaction, happier等也都是正向词。这说明这段话作者的基本态度是正向的，那么段落主旨就是首句中的benefits，而第二和第三句话就在具体论述有哪些benefits。至于self-esteem, marital等生词不认识都无所谓了，因为本段落中，除了这些正向词之外，其余的单词的存在都是多余的。30秒足够你“顿悟”了吧！

　　其次，关系是更为重要的，因为它的存在更加使得单词变得多余。例如：

　　In business as a whole, there are a number of factors encouraging the prospect of greater equality in the workforce. Demographic trends suggest that the number of women going into employment is steadily increasing. In addition a far greater number of women are now passing through higher education, making them better qualified to move into management positions.

　　这段话中，首句a number of factors encouraging…是一个正向词，说明在分析好的因素。第二句number…increasing和第三句higher education, better qualified都是正向词，说明在具体论述第一句话中的好的因素。但是，二三句之间的一个In addition让我们知道了这两句话之间是一个“递进”关系，那么其前后的方向应该是相同的。所以，当我们看完第二句话之后，发现这个“递进”关系时，后面的内容根本不需要看了。至于prospect和demographic trends即使都是你的生词，又怎能妨碍你抓住段落的主旨——a number of factors呢？

　　常见的表示方向的关系有如下几大类：

　　表示前后方向相反：

　　转折关系： but/however/yet, on the other hand, despite

　　对比关系： more/less…than…, unlike

　　表示前后方向相同：

　　并列关系： A and B, not…nor…, first, second, third

　　递进关系： moreover, in addition/additionally/besides, not only…but also…

　　那么请大家来做一个练习：

　　Managerial and executive progress made by women is confirmed by the annual survey of boards of directors carried out by Korn /Ferry /Carre /Orban International. This year the survey shows a doubling of the number of women serving as non-executive directors compared with the previous year. However, progress remains painfully slow and there were still only 18 posts filled by women out of a total of 354 non-executive positions surveyed. Hilary Sears, a partner with Korn /Ferry, said, ‘Women have raised the level of grades we are employed in but we have still not broken through barriers to the top.’

　　上面一段话，完全可以浓缩成以下内容：

　　… progress(+) … doubling of the number(+) … However … painfully slow(-) … raised the level of grades(+) … but … not broken through(-) …

　　也就是说，从两次出现“however/but”这种转折关系词来看，这一段话一直采用的是一种“对比”结构，分别论述了妇女找工作的好坏两方面。怎么样，你能否仅仅用30秒钟完成阅读？

　　一旦你能 精通“无词阅读法”，那么在面对每篇将近1000字的雅思阅读文章时，就一定能产生这样的“郁闷”心情：怎么文章有这么多生词我不认识，却能够读懂大意？这在以前简直就是mission impossible嘛！但是，不要惊讶，因为你已经“顿悟”了阅读！

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