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恩波考研英语300句第18课

http://www.sina.com.cn 2006/08/10 15:02  恩波考研

  2004 Part B

  21. The Greeks assumed that the structure of language had some connection with the process of thought,which took root in Europe long before people realized how diverse language could be.

  【译文】 希腊人认为,语言结构与思维过程之间存在着某种联系。这一观点在人们尚未认识到语言的千差万别之前早就已在欧洲扎下了根。

  【析句】 本句包含一个非限制性定语从句。句子的主语为The Greeks,谓语是assumed,that引导一个宾语从句,而which所引导的非限制性定语从句修饰这个宾语从句。在which从句中,how diverse language could be是realized的宾语从句。注意本句中which指代前面的句子,应译为“这一观点”,some在此处应译为“某种”,而不是“一些”。

  【讲词】 assume意为“假定,采取,呈现,承担”,在句中的意思是“认为”。I assume you always get up at the same time.(我猜想你总是在同一个时间起床。)The motion of matter always assumes certain forms.(物质的运动总是表现为一定的形式。)He is soon to assume the CEO of the company.(他很快就要担任公司的首席执行官。)

  take root意为“扎根”。Extreme sports have taken root in China.(极限运动已经在中国扎下了根。)

  22. We are obliged to them because some of these languages have since vanished,as the peoples who spoke them died out or became assimilated and lost their native languages.

  【译文】 我们感激他们,因为在此之后,由于说这些语言的部族或是消亡了,或是被同化而丧失了自己的本族语言,因而这些语言中有一部分已经消失了。

  【析句】 句子的主干为We are obliged to them。because引导一个原因状语从句,其中又包含一个由as引导的原因状语从句。在as从句里,主语是the people,后面跟着三个由不同的谓语动词组成的并列结构:died out,became assimilated和lost their native languages。

  【讲词】 be obliged to意为“感激”。I am obliged to you for your gracious hospitality.(我很感谢你的热情好客。)此外,oblige可以表示“迫使,责成,帮助”。They obliged us by arriving early.(他们早早就来了,真是帮了我们大忙。)

  vanish意为“消失,消亡”。Its like she just vanished in thin air.(她好像凭空消失了似的。)

  die out意为“灭绝,消亡”。That tradition died out a long time ago.(那个传统早就消亡了。)

  assimilate意为“吸收,同化”。We assimilate some kinds of food more easily than others.(我们对某些种类的食物比别的食物容易吸收。)The U. S. A. has assimilated people from many European countries.(美国同化了许多来自欧洲国家的移民。)

  23. The newly described languages were often so strikingly different from the well studied languages of Europe and Southeast Asia that some scholars even accused Boas and Sapir of fabricating their data.

  【译文】 这些新近被描述的各种语言与经过充分研究的欧洲和东南亚的语言是如此显著地不同,以至于一些学者甚至指责博厄斯和萨皮尔编造了资料。

  【析句】 主句是The newly described… Asia,后面跟that从句so… that…是一种典型的结果状语从句。

  对于不了解语言学的同学来说,理解the newly described languages可能比较困难。语言学中有一分支叫descriptive linguistics(描述语言学),这种学科只对语言进行描述性的研究。因此,the newly described languages就可以译成刚被描述的语言。

  【讲词】 strikingly different意为“明显不同”,类似的说法还有markedly different或obviously different。well studied languages用英文解释是languages that have been studied well,即语言本身已经被研究得很深很透了。

  fabricate意为“制作,构成,捏造,伪造,虚构”,例如:They fabricated evidence and threatened witnesses.(他们伪造证据并威胁目击者。)fabricate的名词形式是fabrication。She explained that it is a sheer fabrication that the EU has banned the exports of Chinas soy sauce.(她解释说,所谓欧盟已经禁止进口中国酱油的说法是一个弥天大谎。)

  24. Being interested in the relationship of language and thought,Whorf developed the idea that the structure of language determines the structure of habitual thought in a society.

  【译文】 沃尔夫对语言与思维的关系很感兴趣,逐渐形成了这样的观点:在一个社会中,语言的结构决定习惯思维的结构。

  【析句】 此句的主干为Whorf developed the idea,现在分词短语“Being interested in the relationship of language and thought”作状语,从句that the structure of language determines the structure of habitual thought in a society是the idea的同位语,说明是什么样的idea。

  【讲词】 idea这里意为“想法,设想,思想”。Just a few years ago,the idea of having a computer in ones home seemed impossible for most Chinese.(几年前,对大多数中国人来说,在家里有一台电脑的想法是不大可能的。)to develop an idea意为to form an idea,注意develop暗指有个过程,所以译成“形成”比较合适。habitual意为“习惯性的”,例如:habitual lying(习惯性撒谎),a habitual criminal(惯犯),a habitual sight in winter(冬季的一个寻常的景致),habitual thought(习惯思维)。

  25.Whorf came to believe in a sort of linguistic determinism which,in its strongest form,states that language imprisons the mind,and that the grammatical patterns in a language can produce farreaching consequences for the culture of a society.

  【译文】 沃尔夫进而相信某种类似语言决定论的观点,其极端说法是:语言禁锢思维,语言的语法结构能对一个社会的文化产生深远的影响。

  【析句】 句子的主干为Whorf came to believe in a sort of linguistic determinism。which引导限制性定语从句,修饰linguistic determinism。在由which引导的定语从句中,谓语动词states跟了两个宾语从句,一是that language imprisons the mind,一是and that the grammatical patterns…society。

  注意:句中imprison the mind不能译成“把大脑(或思想)关进牢房”,只能译成“禁锢思想(或思维)”。

  【讲词】 a sort of与a kind of的意思一样,如用在形容词前一般译为“有一点”或“有几分”,如用在名词前可译为“某种”。a kind of magic(某种魔术或魔力)。

  farreaching意为“深远的”,farreaching consequences算是一个常用的搭配,但是注意consequence往往表示“后果”,即不一定是好的结果。“深远的影响”或“深远的意义”,常用farreaching significance来表示。


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