恩波考研英语300句第40课_新浪教育

恩波考研英语300句第40课

http://www.sina.com.cn 2006/08/10 15:29 恩波考研

　　2000 Translation

　　26. Under modern conditions,this requires varying measures of centralized control and hence the help of specialized scientists such as economists and operational research experts.

　　【译文】在现代条件下，这需要采取不同的中央控制，从而就需要获得诸如经济学和运筹学等领域专家的协助。

　　【析句】本句是一个简单句。句子的主干为this requires varying measures of centralized control and hence the help of specialized scientists，主语是this，谓语动词requires的宾语是两个，分别是varying measures of centralized control和the help of specialized scientists。such as economists and operational research experts是specialized scientists的同位语。

　　【讲词】 measure意为“测量；尺寸；措施”，但在句中的意思为“程度，幅度”。varying measures of意为“不同程度的”。

　　centralized control指中央控制，即中央政策的控制。operational research意为“运筹学”，这个概念并不常见，个人认为翻译题中出现这样的词汇并不合适。

　　27. Furthermore,it is obvious that the strength of a country's economy is directly bound up with the efficiency of its agriculture and industry,and that this in turn rests upon the efforts of scientists and technologists of all kinds.

　　【译文】再者，显而易见的是一个国家的经济实力与其工农业生产效率密切相关，而效率的提高则又有赖于各种科技人员的努力。

　　【析句】本句的it是形式主语，真正的主语为两个that引导的从句，即that the strength of a country's economy is directly bound up with the efficiency of its agriculture and industry，以及that this in turn rests upon the efforts of scientists and technologists of all kinds。另外应该知道在第二个从句中，this指代前面的efficiency。

　　【讲词】 to be bound up with意为“与……联系在一起”或“与……相关”。The destiny of Hong Kong is bound up with the economic progress in the mainland.(香港的命运与大陆的经济增长息息相关。)Rockwell has realized that the thriving of the corporation and the local image in China are closely bound up with the knowledge and the skill of the personnel.(罗克维尔公司已经认识到，公司的发展及在中国的形象与其人员的知识和技能密不可分。)

　　28. Owing to the remarkable development in masscommunications,people everywhere are feeling new wants and are being exposed to new customs and ideas,while governments are often forced to introduce still further innovations for the reasons given above.

　　【译文】大众通讯的显著发展使各地的人们不断感到有新的需求，不断接触到新的习俗和思想，由于上述原因，政府常常得推出更多的革新。

　　【析句】 Owing to the remarkable development in masscommunications作全句的原因状语，本句的主干为people everywhere are feeling new wants and are being exposed to new customs and ideas。while governments are often forced to introduce still further innovations for the reasons given above是一个时间状语，其中过去分词结构given above作后置定语，修饰the reasons。

　　【讲词】 expose意为“揭露；曝光；暴露于；接触到”。The report exposed the secret operation which had been carried by the government.(这篇报导揭露了政府一直在从事的秘密行动。)Our troops were exposed to the enemy fire.(我们的部队暴露于敌人的火力之下。)You should expose yourself to English if you want to learn it well.(如果你想学好英语，就应该多接触英语。)

　　29. In the early industrialized countries of Europe the process of industrialization—with all the farreaching changes in social patterns that followed—was spread over nearly a century,whereas nowadays a developing nation may undergo the same process in a decade or so.

　　【译文】在先期实现工业化的欧洲国家中，其工业化进程以及随之而来的各种深刻的社会结构变革，持续了大约一个世纪之久，而如今一个发展中国家在十年左右就可能完成这个过程。

　　【析句】本句的主干为the process of industrialization… was spread over nearly a century。in the early industrialized countries of Europe作全句的状语，with all the farreaching changes in social patterns that followed是插入成分。注意连接词whereas引导的是一个表示对比的从句。

　　【讲词】翻译此句时，应该注意术语的翻译，因此industrialized country应该译成“工业化国家”，the process of industrialization译成“工业化进程”，developing nation(country)译成“发展中国家”。

　　undergo意为“经历,遭受,忍受”。You can hardly imagine the sufferings she has been undergoing.(你简直无法想象她经历了多少磨难。)The old man lived for five years after he underwent a heart transplant.(老人在经历了一次换心手术后活了5年。)

　　30. Additional social stresses may also occur because of the population explosion or problems arising from mass migration movements—themselves made relatively easy nowadays by modern means of transport.

　　【译文】由于人口激增，加上大规模的人口迁移所产生的问题(如今，现代交通工具使人口迁移变得相对容易)也会造成额外的社会压力。

　　【析句】本句的主干为Additional social stresses may also occur。because of the population explosion or problems arising from mass migration movements是表示原因的状语。themselves made relatively easy nowadays by modern means of transport在句中是附加成分，说明mass migration movements，完整的说法应该是that(which) are made relatively easy nowadays by modern means of transport。

　　【讲词】 stress作名词时常见的词义是“压力；强调”。Our goal is not to eliminate stress but to learn how to manage it and how to use it to help us.(我们的目标不是消除压力，而是要学会控制压力，如何使用它以帮助自己。)Zhang Xuecheng was noted for his stress on the importance of local history of the empire of China.(章学诚一贯强调研究中华帝国的地方史意义重大。)