恩波考研英语300句第38课_新浪教育

恩波考研英语300句第38课

http://www.sina.com.cn 2006/08/10 15:27 恩波考研

　　2000 Passage 4

　　13. Aimlessness has hardly been typical of the postwar Japan whose productivity and social harmony are the envy of the United States and Europe.

　　【译文】战后日本的生产率和社会的和谐为美国和欧洲所称羡，因此漫无目标根本

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就算不上是战后日本的特色。

　　【析句】注意句子的主干结构是Aimlessness has hardly been typical of the postwar Japan，而定语从句(whose productivity and social harmony are the envy of the United States and Europe)修饰the postwar Japan。由于定语太长，因此在翻译时适当调整了句子的结构。

　　【讲词】 envy意为“羡慕,嫉妒”，它既可以作动词又可以作名词，在本句中作名词。If the rumors prove true,Jay will be the envy of Taiwanese men.(如果谣言属实，周杰伦将成为台湾男人羡慕的对象。)Martine says this figure may have fallen still further since 1990,an achievement that makes it the envy of many other Third World countries.(马丁尼说这一数字也许从90年代以来进一步下降，这一成就使得它(巴西)成为许多其他第三世界国家羡慕的对象。)

　　14. The coming of age of the postwar baby boom and an entry of women into the maledominated job market have limited the opportunities of teenagers who are already questioning the heavy personal sacrifices involved in climbing Japan's rigid social ladder to good schools and jobs.

　　【译文】战后婴儿潮(出生高峰期)的到来及妇女进入男性主宰的就业市场，限制了青少年的发展机遇，他们已经开始质疑在进好学校、找好工作，攀登日本等级森严的社会阶梯的过程中所付出的巨大的个人牺牲是否值得。

　　【析句】本句的主语是The coming… and an entry，谓语是have limited，宾语是the opportunities of teen-agers，而who are… schools and jobs是宾语的定语从句，该从句中involved in… schools and jobs又是personal sacrifices的补语。

　　【讲词】 dominate意为“控制，占优势”。Successful leaders dominate events rather than react to them.(成功的领导者是事先控制事件而不是事后才做反应。)Ambition dominated his life.(他的生活受野心驱使。)

　　questioning的意思是“质问，质疑”。

　　15. Last year Mitsuo Setoyama,who was then education minister,raised eyebrows when he argued that liberal reforms introduced by the American occupation authorities after World War Ⅱ had weakened the “Japanese morality of respect for parents”.

　　【译文】去年，时任教育大臣的濑户光夫提出

二战后美国占领当局引进的自由改革削弱了“日本人尊敬父母的道德观”，一时间舆论哗然。

　　【析句】本句主语是Mitsuo Setoyama(濑户光夫)，从句who was then education minister是其定语，谓语是raised eyebrows。when he argued that…是全句的时间状语从句，其中that引导的从句是argued的宾语，该宾语从句中主语是liberal reforms，谓语是had weakened，宾语是the “Japanese morality of respect for parents”，introduced by the American occupation authorities after World War II是liberal reforms的定语。

　　【讲词】 raise eyebrows字面意思是“扬起眉毛”，但其实际意思是“引起不满”。The plan initiated by the government raised eyebrows in the country.(政府推行的计划引起了国人的不满。)

　　16. With economic growth has come centralization; fully 76 percent of Japan's 119 million citizens live in cities where community and the extended family have been abandoned in favor of isolated,twogeneration households.

　　【译文】随着经济的发展，居住呈集中化。日本的人口为119亿，其中足有76%住在城市，在那里社区和几世同堂的大家庭已经成为过去，而取而代之的是单门独户的两代之家。

　　【析句】全句由两个并列的分句组成，由分号隔开。在第一分句中，主干是With economic growth has come centralization，是一个倒装结构，正常的词序是Centralization has come with economic growth。在第二个分句中，in cities是状语，其后面跟了一个定语从句(where community and the extended family have been abandoned in favor of isolated,twogeneration households)。

　　【讲词】 centralization意为“集中化”，在句中指家庭成员减少，即一般的家庭都是nuclear family(核心家庭)，家庭成员只是父母加子女。与nuclear family相对的概念是extended family(扩大家庭)，即家庭成员至少包括三代人。

　　community通常译为“社区”,也可表示“社会”，如international community(国际社会)。