考研英语阅读理解冲刺复习攻略_新浪教育

考研英语阅读理解冲刺复习攻略

http://www.sina.com.cn 2006/10/23 15:31 文都教育

　　第二部分阅读理解

　　一、阅读题解法

　　阅读理解部分去年新增设“选择搭配题”，即在一篇总长500-600词的文章中有5段空白，文章后有6-7段文字，要求考生根据文章内容从这6-7段文字中选择能分别放进文章中5个

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空白处的5段，使原文上下文语义连贯、逻辑通顺。今年大纲中又增添了3种类似的题型以供选择，在真正的考试中只采用这四种题型中的一种，仍然是每题2分，共10分。由于考生对于新题型的陌生，缺乏符合新题型的阅读材料，使得这一部分的复习难度加大。为了解决这个问题，下面对大纲中提供的原题型进行分析，希望能够帮助考生熟悉题型，在考试中避免由于不熟悉题型而丢分的现象。由于样题1去年已经考过，该题型的涉及范围也很广了，所以在此不多说，直接从样题2开始。

　　Sample 2

　　Directions:

　　The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order.For questions 41-45, you are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent article by choosing from the list A-G to fill in each numbered box. The first and the last paragrphs have been placed for you in Boxes. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET1. (10 points)

　　［A］“I just don’t know how to motivate them to do a better job. We’re in a budget cruch and I have absolutely no financial rewards at my disposal. In fact, we’ll probably have to lay some people off in the near future. It’s hard for me to make the job interesting and challenging because it isn’t —it’s boring, routine paperwork, and there isn’t much you can do about it.”

　　［B］“Finally, I can’t say to them that their promotions will hinge on the excellence of their paperwork. First of all, they know it’s not true. If their performance is adequate, most are more likely to get promoted just by staying on the force a certain number of years than for some specific outstanding act. Second, they were trained to do the job they do out in the streets, not to fill out forms. All through their carrer it is the arrests and interventions that get noticed. ”

　　［C］“I’ve got a real problem with my officers. They come on the force as young, inexperienced men, and we send them out on the street, either in cars or on a beat. They seem to like the contact they have with the public, the action involved in crime prevention, and the apprehension of criminals. They also like helping people out at fires, accidents, and other emergencies.”

　　［D］“some people have suggested a number of thinglike using conviction records as a performance reiterion. However, we know that’s not fair-too many wther things are involved. Bad paperwork increases the chance that you lose in court, but good paperwork does’t necessary mean you you’ll win. We tried setting up team competitions based on the excellence of the reports, but the guys caught on to that pretty quickly. No one was getting any type of reward for winning the competition, and they figured why should they labor when there was no payoff.”

　　［E］“the problem occurs when they get back to the station. They hate to do the paperwork, and because they dislike it, the job is frequently put off or done inadequately. This lack of attention hurts us later on when we get to court. We need clear, factual reports. They must be highly detailed and unambiguous. As soon as one part of a report is shown to be inadequate or incorrect, the rest of the report is suspect. Poor reporting probably causes us to lose more cases than any other factor. ”

　　［F］“So I just don’t know what to do. I’ve been groping in the dark in a number of years. And I hope that this seminar will shed some light on this problem of mine and help me out in my future work.”

　　［G］A large metropolitan city government was putting on a number of seminars for administrators, managers and /or executives of various to be discussed was motivation-how we can get public servants motivated to do a good job. The difficulty of a police captain became the central focus of the discussion.

　　Order:

　　G→

　　41→

　　42→

　　43→

　　44→

　　45→

　　分析：

　　该题型是由一篇完整的文章构成，但是被分解为7个部分，其中开始和结尾部分已经给出，所以在做此题时，首先要注意出题者已经提供的开始和结尾部分，开始段落经常会提供材料的内容方向，所以为了节省时间，考生在考场上要首先阅读该选项以获得信息的最大化。第一个选项经常是提出问题，或者对问题的进一步阐述，那么不同的段落之间具有一定的逻辑关系，所以考生需要对五个段落开头以及结尾部分特别注意。例如，在该题中，很明显C时提出问题，E项则是对该问题的进一步完善，接着说出作者的疑问即A项。本套试卷后面部分提供了多套练习题，包括对科技新闻的报道以帮助考生熟悉多种文体的逻辑关系。正确答案为：CEABD

　　Sample 3

　　Directions:

　　You are going to read a text about the tips on resume writing, followed by a list of examples. Choose the best example from the list A-F for each numbered subheading (41-45). There is one extra example which you do not need to use. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)

　　The main purpose of a resume is to convince an employer to grant you an interview. There are two kinds. One is the familiar “tombstone”that lists where you went to school and where you’ve worked in chronological order. The other is what I call the “functional”resume-descriptive, fun to read, unique to you and much more likely to land you an interview.

　　It’s handy to have a “tombstone”for certain occasions. But prospective employers throw away most of those un-requested “tombstone”lists, preferring to interview the quick rather than the dead.

　　What follows are tips on writing a functional resume that will get read—a resume that makes you come alive and look interesting to employers

　　(41) Put yourself first:

　　In order to write a resume others will read with enthusiasm, you have to feel important about yourself.

　　(42) Sell what youcan do, not who you are:

　　Practice translating your personality traits, character, accomplishments and achievements into skill areas. There are at least five thousand skill areas in the world of work.

　　Toot your own horn!

　　Many prople cluch when asked to think about their abilities. Some think they have none at all! But everyone does, and one of yours may just be the ticket an employer would be glad to punch-if only you show it.

　　(43) Be specific, be concrete, and be brief!

　　Remember that “brevity is the best policy.”

　　(44) Turn bad news into good:

　　Everybody has had disappointments in work. If you have to mention yours, look for the positive side.

　　(45) Never apologize:

　　if you’ve returning to the work force after fifteen years as a parent, simply write a short paragraph(summary of background) in place of a chronology of experience. Don’t apologize for working at being a mother;it’s the hardest job of all. If you have no higher education, just don’t mention education.

　　The secret is to think about the self before you start writing about yourself. Take four or five hours off, not necessarily consecutive, and simply write down every accomplishment in your life, on or off the fob, that made you feel effective. Don’t worry at first about what it all means. Study the list and try to spot patterns. As you study your list, once you discover pattern, give names to your cluster of accomplishments (leadership skills, budget management skills, child development skills etc.) Try to list at least three accomplishments under the same heading. Now start writing your resume as if you mattered. It may take four drafts or more, and several weeks, before you’re ready to show it to a stranger (friends are usually too kind) for a reaction. when you’re satisfied, send it to a printer; a printed resume is far superior to photocopies. It shows an employer that you regard job hunting as serious work, worth dong right.

　　Isn’t that the kind of person you’d want working for you?

　　［A］A women who lost her job as a teacher’s aide due to a cutback in government funding wrote: “Principal of elementary school cited me as the only teacher’s aide she would rehire if government funds became available.”

　　［B］One resume I received included the following: “Invited by my superior to straighten out our organization’s accounts receivable. Set up orderly repayment schedule, reconciled accounts weekly, and improved cash flow 100 percent. Rewarded with raise and promotion.”notice how this women focuses on results, specifies how she accomplished them, and mentions her reward-all in 34 words.

　　［C］For example, if you have a flair for saving, managing and investing money, you have money skills.

　　［D］An acquaintance complained of being biased when losing an opportunity due to the statement “Ready to learn though not so well educated”.

　　［E］One of my former colleagues, for example, wrote three resumes in three different syles in order to find out which was more preferred. The result is, of course, the one that highlights skills and education background.

　　［F］A woman once told me about a cash-flow crosos her employer had faced. She’d agreed to work without pay for three months until business improved. Her reward was her back pay plus a 20 percent bonus. I asked why that marvelous story wasn’t in her resume. She answered, “It wasn’t important.” What she was really saying of course was “I’m not important.”

　　分析：

　　本题型是首先给出了文章的意图，给出了5个建议，然后考生根据这5个建议选择合适的例子给与支持。但是出题者提供了6个例子，需要考生进行筛选。本题型与上种题型所需要的技巧是不一样的，本题5个部分之间是没有必要联系的，可以说在某种程度上是独立的，所以考生应该先做自己有把握的，容易的。例如，在本题中第44题和第45题，都比较简单，可以马上识别是A和D, 然后再筛选做前3个。正确答案为：FCBAD

　　Sample 4

　　Directions:

　　You are going to read a list of headings and a text. Choose the most suitable heading from the list A-F for each numbered paragraph (41-45). The first and last paragraphs of the text are not numbered. There is one extra heading which you do not need to use. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET1. (10 points)

　　［A］ What to do as a student?

　　［B］ Various definitions of plagiarism

　　［C］ Ideas should always be sourced

　　［D］ Ignorance can be forgiven

　　［E］ Plagiarism is equivalent to theft

　　［F］ The consequences of plagiarism

　　Scholars, writers and teachers in the modern academic community have strong feelings about acknowledging the use of another person’s ideas. In the English-speaking world, the term plagiarism is used to label the practice of not giving credit for the source of one’s ideas. Simply stated, plagiarism is “the wrongful appreciation or purloining, and publication as one’s own of the ideas, or the expression of ideas of another.”

　　41

　　The penalities for plagiarism vary from situation to situation. In many universities, the punishment may range from failure in a particular course to expulsion from the university. In the literary world, where writers are protected from plagiarism by international copyright laws, the penalty may range from a small fine to imprisonment and a ruined career. Protection of scholars and writers, through the copyright laws and through the social pressures of the academic and literary communities, is a relatively recent concept. Such social pressures and copyright laws require writers to give scrupulous attention to documentation of their sources.

　　42

　　Students, as inexperienced scholars themselves, must avoid various types of plagiarism by being self-critical in their use of other scholars’ idears and by giving appropriate credit for the source of borrowed ideas and words, otherwise dire consequences may occur. There are at least three classifications of plagiarism as it is revealed in students’ inexactness in identifying sources properly. They are plagiarism by accident, by ignorance, and by intention.

　　43

　　Plagiarism by accident, or oversight, sometimes is the result of the writer’s inability to decide or remember where the idea came from. He may have read it long ago, heard it in a lecture since forgotten, or acquired it second-hand or third-hand from discussions with colleagues. He may also have difficulty in deciding whether the idea is such common knowledge that no reference to the original source is needed. Although this type of plagiarism must be guarded against, it is the least serious and, if lessons learned, can be exempt from being severely punished.

　　44

　　Plagiarism through ignorance is simply a way of saying that inexperienced writers often do not know how or when to acknowledge their sources. The techniques for documentation - note-taking, quoting, footnoting, listing bibliography - are easily learned and can prevent the writer from making unknowing mistakes or omissions in his references. Although “there is no copyright in news, or in ideas, only in the expression of them.”the writer cannot plead ignorance when his sources for ideas are challenged.

　　45

　　The most serious kind of academic thievery is plagiarism by intention. The writer, limited by his laziness and dullness, copies the thoughts and languages of others and claims them for his own. He not only steals, he tries to deceive the reader into believing the ideas are original. Such words as immoral, dishonest, offensive, and despicable are used to describe the practice of plagiarism by intention.

　　The opposite of plagiarism is acknowledgement. All mature and trustworthy writers make use of the ideas of others but they are careful to acknowledge their indebtedness to their sources. Students, as developing scholars, writers, teachers, and professional leaders, should recognize and assume their responsibility to document all sources from which language and thoughts are borrowed. Other members of the profession will not only respect the scholarship, they will admire the humility and honesty.

　　分析：

　　该题型也是由一篇文章组成，文章也分割成7个部分，但只有5个题，同时给出6个选项。开头和结尾部分仍然是提供必要的信息，文章中的5个段落都可以表达一个完整的意思，相互间也没有什么太大联系。该题型与题型3所考的技巧很相似，比较而言要容易些，考生只要对5个段落认真地阅读，不难会发现答案，同样先选择自己有把握的题项。大纲所提供的材料是关于剽窃的问题，这5个问题相对比较容易，在此不作具体分析了。

　　正确答案为：FADCE

　　以上我们简单分析了对新大纲新题型的解题方法，而对于比较常规的阅读题，我们则可以采用以下办法：

　　绝招1.妙指回春法

　　题型特点：

　　这种题的题干往往是不完整的句子，而选项往往是短语形式，根据题干的关键词在文中总能找到一个代词，则这种题用妙指回春法来解题。

　　解题思路：

　　这种题往往是根据题干的核心词在文中找到相应的含有代词句子，然后往前读一句话，看哪一个选项跟前面一句话的语义相近，则这个选项就是答案。

　　1.It is implied that adaptiveness and inventiveness of the early American mechanics. (1996, Passage 4，54题)

　　2. Families in frontier settlements used to entertain strangers . (1997, Passage 2，57题)

　　3.In the view of Net purists,.(1999,Passage 2，57题)

　　4. George Annas would probably agree that doctors should be punished if they .(2002，Text4，60题)

　　绝招2.是非颠倒理解法

　　题型特点：

　　文中往往用假设的方式出现，而选项往往用断言的形式出现，正确答案的选项所表达的意思是文中假设条件句后面主句语义的反面，且多以否定形式出现。

　　解题思路：

　　正话反说指文中用肯定的假设方式表述，而正确答案选项用否定形式。也就是说，当一个题针对文中的部分用假设的形式表述出来，而在题干中没有了假设的条件而只给出结果，则选项应该是不确定的、拿不准的选项。

　　5. The author asserts that scientists.(1999年68题)

　　6. The author implies that the results of scientific research.(1999年70题)

　　7 .The selection of medical professionals are currently based on.(1995年65题)

　　绝招3.近义替换法

　　题型特点：

　　近义替换方法每年在考研真题中都能用上，并且这个类型的考题每年都有至少1-2个，近年来这种考题已经从原来的单个短语的近义替换考查发展到较复杂结构的短语语义替换考查。

　　解题思路：

　　对这种题，考生要紧紧抓住题干的关键词或关键短语，找到文中这些词或短语出现的地方，从而考查哪一个选项是文中相应的句子的近义短语。如果有近义短语，则这个近义替换的选项就是答案。

　　8.According to the NAS’s report, one of the problems in end-of-life careis .(2002年58题)

　　9.The direct reason for specializationis.(2001年54题)

　　10.We learn from the beginning of the passage that Web business.(1999年55题)

　　11 . According to the author, basic computer skillsshould be.(1999年62题)

　　12.Futurists claim that we must.(2000年61题)

　　绝招4.首段主题句破题法

　　首句破题法：

　　题型特点：

　　一个文章后面的第一个题是细节题，则往往是考查考生对首段首句的理解。哪一个选项跟首句的语义一致,则这个选项就是答案。

　　解题思路：

　　当发现首句结构比较复杂，或者首句比较简练而含有难以理解的词汇，则这个题的答案一定在首段首句，考生应该把重点放在首段首句的理解上，而不要急于读其他部分的句子。

　　13. In the eyes of visitors from the outside world, .(1997, Passage 2，55题)

　　14. The author thinks the present rush to put computers in the classroomis. (1999, Passage 3，59题)

　　15.It is generally believed that ambition may be well regardedif.(2000,Passage 5，67题)

　　16.What is the typical trend of businesses today? (2001,Passage 4, 63题)

　　17.Human ingenuity was initiallydemonstrated in.(2002，Text 2，46题)

　　首段末句破题法

　　题型特点：

　　一个阅读材料后面的第一个题是细节题，且题干中的核心词在首段首句中没有被置于重要的位置或者没有出现，或者四个选项所表达的意思在首句中没有明确的近义表达出现，首段首句则不是这个段落的主题句，则这种题的答案应在首段末句出现，首段末句是这个段落的主题句。

　　解题思路：

　　当发现阅读材料后面的第一个题是细节题，且题干中的核心词在首句中没有出现或不在重要位置，则应迅速读末句以确定答案。

　　18.“Creationism” in the passage refers to.(1996， Passage 5，67题)

　　19.The U.S. achieved its predominance after World War Ⅱbecause.(2000,Passage 1，51题)

　　绝招5.转折传义法

　　题型特点：

　　一篇阅读文章后面的第一个题如果不是主旨题或态度题，而是细节题，根据题干中的关键词在文中首段首句难以确定题干和首句的关系，则如果首段中有转折词，应重点分析理解转折词之后的内容。

　　解题思路：

　　做题过程中考生应牢牢抓住转折词之后的句子，判断四个选项中哪一个选项跟转折词之后的成分语义是近意的，则这个选项就是答案。

　　首段对比转折

　　20.The third sentence of paragraph 1implies that. (1998, Passage 1，51题)

　　21.What used to be the danger in being a manaccording to the first paragraph? (2000,Passage 2，55题)

　　22.Digital divideis something. (2001，Passage 2，55题)

　　文中转折传义(1996.55；1996.58；2001.56;2001.58;2001.60;2001.62;2001.68)

　　23.The world famous BBC now faces(1996， Passage 2，55题)

　　24.Governments attach importance to the Internetbecause it. (2001，Passage 2，56题)

　　25.It seems that now a country’s economy depends much on .

　　26.The results of the journalism credibility project turned out to be .

　　27.Despite its efforts, the newspaper industry still cannot satisfy the readers owing to its

　　绝招6.观点例证剖析法

　　题型特点：

　　这种题往往在题干中明确表明：一个什么例子表明了或揭示了什么。这种题是近三年来一种比较固定的题型，它主要体现考研阅读大纲中所列出的考查主要内容的最后一条：考查考生区分论点和论据的能力。考生在所阅读的文章中，首先读到一个观点性的句子，然后会读到作者对这个观点进行论证时所用的例子作为论据。

　　解题思路：

　　对于这种题，在文中首先找到这个例子，然后往前面读一句话，哪一个选项如果跟例子前面的一句话在语义上是近意的选项，则这个选项一定是答案。

　　做这种题时要跳出的误区：

　　在文中找到例子决不能往后面读，一些考生往往找到例子之后往后面读，这样正好掉入出题人所设计的圈套，因为这样读下去离正确答案所在的位置越来越远。所以，记住：找到例子一定是往前面读。

　　28. That Africa and South America were once joined can be deduced fromthe fact that .( 1998，Passage 5，68题)

　　29.The case of Schutt helmet demonstratedthat.(1999,Passage 1，53题)

　　30. The author wants to prove with the example of Issac Newtonthat(1999, Passage 5，67题)

　　31.What does the example of Indiaillustrate?(2000，Passage 2，56题)

　　32.The author writes of the development of geology to demonstrate. (2001， Passage 1，53题)

　　33.The writer mentionedthe case of the United States to justifythe policy of.(2001，Passage 2，57题)

　　34.The example of the grandmotherly woman is used to show the public’s .(2003， Text 2，48题)

　　35.The author uses the example of cancer patients to showthat.

　　绝招7.词汇照应法

　　(1995.63;1997.60；1998.52；1998.59；2001.69;2002.47;2002.59)

　　题型特点：

　　题干往往明确说出文中某一个词或短语的意思是什么。这种考题所考的词汇一般有两种：一种是超纲词，另一种是大纲之内的词。对于这种题，如果考的是超纲词，则所选择的答案往往是语义较简单的选项，如果考的是大纲之内的词汇，则所选择的答案往往是四个选项中语义较难的一个选项。

　　解题思路：

　　对于每一位考生来说，所考的是大纲内的词还是大纲外的词，考生做题时必须回到原文，结合上下文充分理解所做的题的词义，然后再做出正确的判断。

　　36. The word “pervasive”(Line 1, Paragraph 2) might mean .(1997, Passage 3，60题)

　　37. In Paragraph 5, “the powerless”probably refers to. (1998, Passage 1，52题)

　　38. The word “schism”(Line 4, Paragraph 1) in the context probably means . (1998, Passage 3，59题)

　　39.The word “gizmos” (Line 1,Paragrapn 2)most probably means.(2002，Text 2，47题)

　　40. Which of the following best defines the word“aggressive” (Line 4, Paragraph 7)?(2002，Text 4，59题)

　　绝招8.上中下推理法

　　考研的推断题可以分为三种：一种是演绎推断法，第二种是归纳推断法，第三种是近义替换法。

　　演绎推断法即所谓的下推法，文中是一句概括的、综合的句子，根据这个句子设计一个题，四个选项都是细节的，能够被文中这句概括的句子在语义上所包含。这种题的题干中标记性词汇是infer。

　　归纳推断法即所谓的上推法，文中是多个细节语义的句子，根据这些细节语义设计一个题，四个选项有一个是概括的语义，这个语义能包含文中几个细节语义的句子所表达的内容。这种题的题干中标记性词汇是draw conclusion from...

　　近意替换法是一个题的四个选项中是正确答案的选项所表达的语意跟文中某一句话的语义是近意替换，后者同一个句子中的一些词汇用近意替换。这种题的题干中标记性词汇是learn from...

　　历年推断题(1995.61; 1997.51；1997.56;1999.63; 1995.62; 1995.64; 1995.66;1995.69; 1995.70; 1999.58；1999.66；2000.70; 2001.52; 2001.65)

　　演绎推断：(1995.61; 1997.56; 1999.58；2001.52)

　　这种题型是历年考研题中出现频率最高的一种题型，几乎每年的考研真题中要出现两次或者更多。

　　41. From the passage we can inferthat.(1995， Passage 3，61题)

　　42. It could be inferred fromthe last paragraph that.(1997, Passage2，56题)

　　43. It can be inferred from the last paragraphthat. (1999, Passage 4，66题)

　　44.From Paragraph 4 we can inferthat . (2001，Passage 4，65题)

　　近义替换推断：

　　这种题的显性标记是learn from，learn等词，往往正确答案是文中的相应句子中某个词汇或短语的近义替换,换句话说，如果所设置的选项是文中的原词或原句，重复不是答案，同时表达语义不一致者也不是答案。

　　45.We can learn from the first paragraph that (1999, Passage 4，63题)

　　归纳推断法：

　　这种题的答案往往具有综合、概括的特点，一般具有表示”一些、几个“的名词或表示复数形式的名词。

　　46. From the passage we can draw the conclusionthat.(1995， Passage 4，66题)

　　绝招9.难句破解法

　　研究生入学考题每年都要考查考生对所阅读的材料中某一比较精练的句子的正确理解，这些句子有的是谚语，有的是成语甚至有的是典故。所以这些题在试卷上出现往往成为考生难以对付的题型之一。而这种题如果考生掌握了适当的方法也不难。

　　题型特点：

　　往往考查考生对文中一个比较精炼的句子或者文中的一个成语的理解，有时候甚至考查考生对双关语的理解。这种题的题干中往往有如下词： mean， imply等。

　　解题思路：

　　这种题不能简单地就这个句子本身来理解，而必须结合上下文把这个句子放在一个语境下来理解，这样才有助于对句子的准确理解。

　　(1996.51；1997.52；1997.69；1998.51；2000.68)

　　47.What do the elders meanwhen they say,“It’s not what you want in this world, but what you get”? (1996, Passage 1,51题)

　　48. When the author says that observers are waiting for the dominoes to start falling, he means . (1997, Passage 1，52题)

　　49. The sentence “This is no flash in the pan”(Line 5, Paragraph 3) meansthat . (1997， Passage 5，69题)

　　50.The third sentence of Paragraph 1 impliesthat. (1998, Passage 1，51题)

　　51.The last sentence of the first paragraph most probablyimpliesthat it is. (2000,Passage 5，68题)

　　绝招10.正误判定法

　　正误判定法在历年考研真题中分为两种：一种是四个选项中有一个跟文中一致，是正确的答案，这时候其他三个选项有三种情况：要么跟文中语义相反，要么跟文中语义不一致或者文中根本找不到。另一种是四个选项中有一个选项跟文中说法不一致，这个选项或者文中没有或者跟文中的说法相反或者跟文中说法不一致。

　　判正法：

　　这种题要求考生判断四个选项中哪一个是正确的。这种题的出法往往是： which of the following is true?

　　52. According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE? (1997, Passage 4，64题)

　　53. Which of the following is trueaccording to the passage? (1998, Passage 3，61题)

　　54.Which of the following is trueaccording to the author?(2000,Passage 4，65题)

　　55.Which of the following is true according to paragraph 1?(2001，Passage 5，67题)

　　判误法 :

　　这种题在考研阅读中也往往频繁出现，题干总说下面哪一个说法不包含，或者说所有说法文中都有除了哪一个，或者说下面哪一个说法不正确等。这种题是答案的选项有三种情况：要么文中没有出现；要么文中的说法与是答案是矛盾的说法；要么是答案的选项所表达的语义与文中的说法不一致。

　　56. In the passage, which of the following is NOT includedin the advantages of advertising? (1995, Passage 1，52题)

　　57.For personal growth ,the author advocates all of the following except. (1995， Passage 2，58题)

　　58.In the passage, which of the following about the BBC is not-mentionedas the key issue? (1996， Passage 2，56题)

　　59.According to the passage, all of the following are true EXCEPT that. (1996， Passage 3，61题)

　　60. Which of the following statements is NOT mentioned in the passage? (1998, Passage 2，58题)

　　61.The panel agreed on all of the following exceptthat.(1999, Passage 4，64题)

　　绝招11.本喻体互助法

　　这种考题主要考查考生对文中作者所写的观点进行阐明时的逻辑方法，作者想表达清楚一个观点时往往用打比方的方法把一个观点表达清楚。这样出题人往往巧妙地利用了这种逻辑关系，有三种出题的方法：一种是把题干出在观点上，考查考生对喻体的理解。第二种是把题干出在喻体上考查考生对观点的理解。第三种是所出的题考查考生对观点和喻体之间的逻辑关系。

　　62. A blueprint made before inviting a friend to dinner is used in this passage as. (1996， Passage 1，52题)

　　63.A technologist can be compared to an artist because. (1996， Passage 4，65题)

　　64.When the author says that observers are waiting for the dominoes to start falling, he means. (1997, Passage 1,52题)

　　65.The last sentence of the first paragraph most probably implies that it is.(2000,Passage 5，68题)

　　绝招12.词篇判态度法

　　态度题是考研英语中必考的一种题型，对于这种题考生必须依据文章的结构和用词来判断作者的态度。

　　一种方法是靠词汇的色彩来判断，如文中出现：responsible, dutiful, convincing等表明赞同的、积极的态度。如出现：irresponsible, doubtful, unforeseeable等词表明是悲观的、反对的态度。

　　另一种方法是靠文章的结构特点来判断，如果一篇文章的结尾部分是并列的疑问，则作者是一种客观的态度，如果结尾部分是有问有答的形式，则作者的态度是主观的态度。如果一篇文章的结尾部分使用数据表明了一个趋势向不好的方面发展，则作者是悲观的态度。反之，作者是乐观的态度。

　　题型特点：题干中往往包含如下词汇：attitude,tone,viewpoint 等。

　　解题思路：重点从以下三个方面入手：

　　(1)用文中的adj./adv.eg: an important wave

　　(2)用句子的否定和肯定形式

　　(3)分析文章结尾处

　　66.The author is most critical of. (1996，Passage 3，62题)

　　67. The author’s attitude towards euthanasia seems to be that of. (1997, Passage 1，54题)

　　68. The author’s attitude toward the issue of “science vs. antiscience”is. (1998, Passage 3，62题)

　　69.Toward the new business wave, the writer’s attitude can be said to be . (2001，Passage 4，66题)

　　70.From the text we can see that the writer seems.(2002， Text 3，55题)

　　绝招13.首末段定主旨法

　　考研的主旨题是一种相对来说比较难的题，它要求考生能够从宏观上把握整篇文章的主要思想以及全文所表达的主要意思。

　　题干特点：

　　这种题的题干往往是What’s the main idea of this passage?The best title of this passage is;What is this passage mainly about?这种题往往出现在一篇文章后面的几个题中的第一个或最后一个。

　　解题思路：

　　这种题的做题方法是牢牢抓住首段和末段，看哪一个选项所表达的意思能够涵盖首段和末段的语义，则这个选项一定是答案。因为首段具有开启下文的作用，而末段具有总结前文的作用。

　　答案特点:

　　这种题的答案具有简洁性、概括性和抽象性的特点。

　　71.The best title for this passage might be. (1996， passage 4，66题)

　　72. The best title for this passage could be . (1997, Passage 4，66题)

　　73. The passage is mainly about . (1998, Passage 5，70题)

　　74.Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?(2000,Passage 2，58题)

　　75.What is the passage mainly about? (2001，Passage 3，59题)

　　76.The best title for the text may be.(2002， Text 1，45题)

　　二、英译汉部分

　　对于这一部分，考生要认真把握从英语到汉语的过程中定语从句的翻译。英语的定语比较灵活，一个核心词后面的不定式、形容词短语、介词短语和分词短语都可以做定语，而这些要翻译成汉语必须前移，这是英汉语言的特征所决定的。

　　其次，英语的状语从句在汉语中的位置和在英语中的位置也有所不同，考生也要注意。

　　第三，对于英语中的省略和倒装结构，汉语中的表达方式也是不一样的。

　　第四，考生要注意句子中指代词的处理。

　　最后，被动结构处理也是英汉语言最大的差异之一，各位考生应该注意：汉语多主动结构，英语则多被动结构。

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