08年高考英语复习：运用上下文构词法猜词

　　南开中学 段胜利

　　2.用构词法猜词重要的是记好词干意义

　　在运用上下文猜测词义的同时，还可以“拆分词汇”，通过构词法的线索来有效猜词。

　　我们知道，单词从构词法来说，可以有：前缀+词干+后缀，其中词干决定单词的基本词义，前缀可以在基本词义基础上衍生不同词义的单词，而后缀通常表明词性。在猜词中，我们可以利用这方面的知识，对生词加以识别。这其中，最关键的是要多记词干的意义。

　　例一：Ottawa has given out special passes to some 300 US citizens in that area so they can enter the country when Canadian customs stations are closed, but the US stopped a similar program last May. That forces the people to a 200-mile detour along hilly roads to get home through another border checkpoint.

　　The underlined word "detour" in the paragraph means .

　　A.a drive through the town

　　B.a race across the fields

　　C.a round about way of travelling

　　D.a journey in the mountain area

　　答案C。tour=turn，tour漫游；旅行等；这里前缀de=dis=away，说明偏离原道，因此转义绕道，改道，绕道而行。

　　例二：Towards the evening, there comes the grand finale of the opening day, an extremely exciting horserace.

　　The underlined word "finale" in the paragraph most probably means the ________of the opening day.

　　A. first part B. middle

　　C. last part D. whole

　　答案C。fin=end，我们所了解的final(adj.最终的，n.决赛)，finish(v.结束)，finite(adj.有限的)等词，都含着“结束”之意。这里的finale就是终曲，终场之意。又如下面一题：

　　There was yet another high school list I made. One day I came across a newspaper article about an English professor at a nearby state college. The article had a list of the "hundred most important books of Western Civilization. " "More than anything else in my life," the professor told the reporter with finality , " these books have made me all that I am. " That was the kind of words I couldn’t ignore (忽视). I kept the list for the several months it took me to read all of the titles.

　　The underlined phrase "with finality" probably means _____.

　　A. firmly B. clearly

　　C. proudly D. pleasantly

　　答案A。with finality中的finality让人联想到“最终”，因此应当有坚定，果断等意，故选择firmly。

　　例三：Shopkeepers in Modbury population 1,500, agreed to stop handing out disposable plastic bags to customers on Saturday. They said paper sacks and cloth carrier bags would be offered instead.

　　The underlined word "disposable" in the passage probably means_______.

　　A. acceptable B. valuable

　　C. throw-away D. long-lasting

　　答案C。disposable=dis+pos+able，其中pos=place；put，dis=apart，able表示可能的，这就有了可任意处置、用完即丢的含义。

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