Elizabeth Blackwell started the British National Health Society in 1871, which helped people learn how to stay healthy. In 1889, Elizabeth Blackwell became the first woman doctor in the United States. Most importantly she fought for the admission of women to medical colleges. 

　　Elizabeth Blackwell died on May 3, 1910, when she was 89.She opened a world of chances for women. She always fought for what was right in all her life. In 1949 the Blackwell medal was established. It’s given to women who have excellent achievements in the field of medicine. She’ll always be remembered as a great woman. 

　　( 　)61. According to the passage, Elizabeth Blackwell ________。

　　A.received bad education in her childhood

　　B.spent a happy and lucky childhood

　　C.moved to America with her family at eleven

　　D.decided to be a doctor due to her father’s death

　　( 　)62. Elizabeth Blackwell could not become a surgeon because ________。

　　A.she was a woman

　　B.she had a serious eye problem

　　C.she went to Paris for further education

　　D.she didn’t go to medical school

　　( 　)63. Elizabeth Blackwell opened her first hospital for woman and children ________。

　　A.eighteen years after her father died

　　B.seven years after returning to America from Paris

　　C.ten years before setting up her first medical school

　　D.eight years after graduating from medical school

　　( 　) 64. Elizabeth Blackwell spent most of her life in ________。

　　A.the U.S.  　　　　　B.Paris      

　　C.England             D.Geneva

　　( 　)65.Which of the following is not TRUE about Elizabeth Blackwell?

　　A.She built the first hospital for women and children with others。

　　B.She became the first woman doctor in the U.S。

　　C.She set up the first medical school for women in the world。

　　D.She built a medal for women with excellent achievements in medicine。

　　C

　　Plants have family values, too, it seems, with new research suggesting they can recognize close relatives in order to work together。

　　An ability to tell family from strangers is well known in animals, allowing them to cooperate and share resources, but plants may possess similar social skills, scientists believe。

　　Susan Dudley and Amanda File of McMaster University in Ontario, Canada, report they have demonstrated for the first time that plants can recognize their kin。

　　This suggests that plants, though lacking recognition and memory, are capable of complex social interactions。

　　“Plants have this kind of hidden but complicated social life，” Dudley said。

　　The study found plants from the same species of beach-dwelling wildflower grew aggressively alongside unrelated neighbors but were less competitive when they shared soil with their families。

　　Sea rocket, a North American species, showed stronger and healthier root growth when planted in pots with strangers than when raised with relatives from the same maternal(母系的) family, the study found。

　　This is an example of kin selection, a behavior common in animals in which closely related individuals take a group approach to succeeding in their environment, the researchers said。

　　Kin selection also applies to competition, because if family members compete less with each other, the group will do better overall. “Everywhere you look, plants are growing right up next to other plants，” Dudley said，“ Usually it’s a case of each plant for itself. But sometimes those plants are related, and there are benefits to not wasting resources on being competitive, and there is not really a cost to not being competitive as long as your neighbor  is also not being competitive。”

　　Learning and memory appear to be important for kin recognition in animals, but this isn’t an option for plants, she noted。

　　Some researchers speculate(猜测) that plants communicate through their roots, identifying themselves using tiny chemical signatures specific to each plant’s family。

　　( 　)66.What’s the main idea of the message?

　　A.Studies find plants can recognize, communicate with relatives。

　　B.Kin selection is important for plants。

　　C.Animals can recognize and memorize their relatives。

　　D.Competition asks plants to recognize their relatives。

　　( 　)67.Which of the following is NOT right about  animals’ social skill?

　　A.Animals can recognize and memorize their relatives。

　　B.Animals’ social skill is to cooperate and share resources。

　　C.Animals’ social skill can recognize close relatives in order to work together。

　　D.Animals’ social skill is no use at all。

　　( 　)68.Plants’ kin selection is to ________。

　　A.grow well        

　　B.compete with other kinds of plants       

　　C.strengthen the relationship among siblings           

　　D.find which one is the best

　　( 　)69.From the passage，we learn that ________。

　　A.sea rocket is a South American species            

　　B. sea rocket grows aggressively alongside its siblings

　　C.sea rocket grows aggressively alongside unrelated neighbors 

　　D.sea rocket is a kind of bush without flowers 

　　( 　)70.How can the plants communicate with each other according to experts’ suppose?

　　A.Plants communicate by using tiny chemical signatures specific to each plant’s family。

　　B.Plants communicate with each other through their roots。

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